Hamlet Soliloquy Analysis Essay - 524 Words

Hamlet Soliloquy Analysis As Act I of Shakespeares Hamlet concludes, a conversation between the protagonist Hamlet and the ghost of his deceased father, King Hamlet occurs. In response to the ghosts request for Hamlet to take revenge, Hamlet shares his thoughts with the audience in a soliloquy. Through vows and promises, Hamlets oral reaction to the Kings request exposes his full will for revenge. In addition, Hamlets word-choice begins to exhibit the blind passion and zeal that characterizes his actions throughout the remainder of the play. These components of Hamlets second soliloquy together exemplify his complete determination, which ultimately allows him to succeed in avenging his†¦show more content†¦v. 98-100). Hamlet is willing to completely erase his knowledge, to purge his mind, and to begin this task with a blank slate. He continues, vowing, thy commandment all alone shall live / Within the book and volume of my brain, / unmixed with baser matter, (I. v. 102-104). By pledging this resol ution, Hamlet shows his willingness to devote his entire existence to taking revenge. He will allow nothing to distract him, nothing to adulterate his will power, and nothing to deter him until he takes revenge. Hamlet makes one final vow in the second soliloquy, addressing his uncle, King Claudius, So, uncle, there you are. Now to my word: / It is Adieu, adieu, remember me,/ I have swornt, (I. v. 110-112). Adieu in french means good-bye, and with these simple yet unsympathetic words, Hamlet pledges that he will kill his uncle. This absolute determination to achieve revenge fuels Hamlets ultimate success. Throughout the second soliloquy, Hamlet carefully chooses passionate words that demonstrate his charged emotions. After digesting the information from the ghost, Hamlet unleashes a vicious verbal assault on the family members that he suspects of evil. He shouts, O most pernicious woman! (I. v. 105), referring toShow MoreRelatedHamlet Soliloquies and Their Analysis1527 Words   |  7 PagesHAMLET’S SOLILOQUIES THEIR ANALYSIS In the course of the play, Hamlet has seven long soliloquies. The first of these occurs before he has seen the Ghost. In this soliloquy, Hamlet reveals the grief that has been gnawing at his mind. He wishes that religion did not forbid suicide so that he could kill himself and be rid of this grief. He feels disillusioned with the world. â€Å"How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world†. He deplores (condemns) theRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis1404 Words   |  6 PagesSoliloquies in Hamlet Soliloquies are used by writers because they offer the reader or audience the opportunity to know more about the character, his true self and inner thoughts, as well as pieces of information that cannot be revealed through a normal conversation between characters. Shakespeare uses this method with his characters very often to provide a deeper understanding of his characters, and Hamlet speak seven of this, being each one necessary and important for the plot development. EachRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis968 Words   |  4 Pagesfamous work undoubtedly goes to Hamlet’s â€Å"To be or not to be.† The soliloquy is a speech of despair, anger, and suffering. Hamlet deals with profound concepts and philosophical ideas. Questioning the righteousness of life over death, making death desirable and powerful. The speech covers an idea we all refuse to acknowledge, humans bear the burden and labor of life only to avoid the unknown mysteries of death. For such a powerful sol iloquy, converting it to films needs a brilliant directing; with outstandingRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pages In Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, Shakespeare portraits the transition from a young mindset to a more mature one in Hamlets My thoughts be bloody soliloquy. (iv.iv 34-69) Shakespeare uses Hamlet to show us the role maturity plays in the human decision making process. The soliloquy can be seen as a call to action, Hamlet shifts from inaction to action and stops making excuses. He was always intelligent but didn’t have the ability to make decisions in proper time. He over thought and frustratedRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis899 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet’s Soliloquy There are various ways in which an author can target their audience, though in the Elizabethan Era one might do so differently than in present day. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet delivers a speech in which all those who watched could relate to. Before Hamlet was exiled to England he encountered the captain of Norway’s army and learned of their plan to attack a small patch of Poland’s land. The land was worth nothing to neither Norway or Poland yet both took up arms toRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis769 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act 1 Scene 2 of Hamlet, Prince Hamlet delivers his first soliloquy after formally obeying his mother and uncle’s request to stay in Elsinore. The purpose of this soliloquy is to express Hamlet’s frustration and antipathy towards his mother’s marriage with his uncle, as well as other aspects of torment, ultimately admitting to the distress and upset this marriage has inflicted upon him. The author utilises to ne by word choice to emphasise Hamlet’s anguish, frustration, and anger. In addition,Read MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis Essay2074 Words   |  9 PagesThis soliloquy by Hamlet is where he first devises the plan of the â€Å"Mouse Trap† (Act III, scene 2). It begins with Hamlet describing how he has heard that people can be overcome with guilt and remorse of their â€Å"malefactions† that they openly proclaim them, when viewing a scene of a play similar to that of their crime. As a result of this Hamlet resolves to set a trap for Claudius, in which he will watch a play that has a scene closely resembling the murder of Old King Hamlet. Hamlet reasons thatRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet, the main character of William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, is one of the most complex characters ever created. His intricacy can be seen in the amount of soliloquies he speaks throughout the play. Each one of Hamlet’s soliloqui es reveals his innermost thoughts and gives the reader or audience insight as to what he is feeling at that time. Hamlet’s quartet of soliloquies illustrates how Hamlet is initially indecisive, but eventually makes a decision to take revenge against his uncle. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet to Be or Not to Be Soliloquy Analysis Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesThe To Be or Not To Be speech in the play, Hamlet, portrays Hamlet as a very confused man. He is very unsure of himself and his thoughts often waver between two extremes due to his relatively strange personality. In the monologue, he contemplates whether or not he should continue or end his own life. He also considers seeking revenge for his father’s death. Evidence of his uncertainty and over thinking is not only shown in this speech, but it also can be referenced in other important parts ofRead MoreEssay on The Use of Soliloquy in Shakespeares Hamlet1175 Words   |  5 Pages A Soliloquy is a dramatic convention, in which the character stands alone on stage, speaking. Originally it was a plot device, to enable a character to tell the audience what he planned to do next, for example, in the course of revenge. But the device is heightened in Shakespeare as it enables a character to reveal the amp;#8216;inner soulamp;#8217; to the audience without telling the other characters. It is usual that one discovers more of a character from a soliloquy than from the action of

Honor Killing of Muslim Women Free Essays

Honor Killings of Muslim Women Introduction Killings in the name of honor are undoubtedly a disaster, an unlawful act, a terror against humanity. Honor Killings of Muslim women is an antique trend followed in Islam in which male members of family and social community deliberately kill women and girls of their family or tribes as a result of belief that they have conducted any shameful act and ruined the reputation of family or tribe. Honor Killings in Muslims has been inherited from the ancient tribal days of 1200 BC when no major religion was came into being thus honor killing has no direct relation to Religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Honor Killing of Muslim Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept of Honor Killings has developed as a result of several attitudes in culture based on classes and background, and religious groups, where women is considered as a property of men and possess no rights. The alleged degradation is mostly based upon suspicions only and these suspicious behaviors include unacceptable style of dressing, willingly marrying anyone by own choice particularly with someone who belongs to opposing community or tribe, conducting immoral sexual acts, or even engaging in homosexual acts. Statistics show that about 20000 women become victim of honor killing every year particularly in Asia and Middle East (Fisk. R. , 2010, n. d. ). Honor Killing in the name of religion is the most hideous crimes and it is still occurring in most part of the worlds due to perceived shameful acts in the eyes of men and such tragic events have very valuable lesson in it for the educated and mature people. Discussion Pakistan, the Islamic republic country, is deliberated as one of the most harmful and dangerous country for women to live in because of growing rate of crime in form of honor killing and other related valiances. According to a survey conducted in this regard, it was discovered that Pakistan was the fifth largest country in which women were killed for dowry and honor. Islam and law both prohibits in punishing victims unless there sin is proved and honor killings take place on the basis of doubts and suspicions of men and groups. On the contrary Islam teaches to avoid punishment if there is a scope and does not consider pregnancy as an evidence of shameful sexual act. This is unfortunate that such terrible acts are false fully supported by few Islamic scholars who tend to justify these activates with respect to Islam. For instance; as per the saying of the Messenger of God in Islam that one should stop the crime with his own hands if he/she see it happening. These kinds of statements are misperceived by these scholars and play a vital role in encouraging honor killings of Women. These scholars promote the point of view of taking law into hands and treating women as an object (Mufti. N. M. et al. , 2012, pp. 180-185). One of the popular examples set by the honor-killing victim named as Mukhtar Mai from Punjab, Pakistan, whose brother was claimed of raping a girl from upper caste family, thus, it was decided by the tribe to punish her bother in form of a revenge in which Mukhtar Mai was raped by a gang in order to satisfy the other party and then was forced to commit suicide, so that her family restore their pride and honor. But Mukhtar Mai decided not to kill her self rather to fight against injustice. She belonged to a poor and illiterate culture, which was a real hindrance in her case and today she is running a school for women to educate them to raise voice against honor killings and injustice. She is a true figure for women in Pakistan who have been gang raped, spoiled faces with acid, and ripped nose as a result of Honor killings’ activities (Parker. H. , 2007, pp. 507-508). As per statistics, 300 women were found to be killed for honor in 1997 in Pakistan, 23 murders on average are done for sake of honor in Jordon every year, 36 honor crimes were occurred in Lebanon from 1996 to 1998 in small cities and villages, 400 women were murdered in Yemen and 52 such crimes were reported in Egypt in 1997. Whereas, acid attacks increased from 47 to 200 in Bangladesh and 5000 women are murdered by their in laws per year in India as a result of Honor Killings. Honor Crimes are also witnessed in European and Western Countries’ Immigrants communities. Because many women are unable to communicate to the state authority of the honor abuses due to linguistic issues. Such list of countries includes Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and UK. For instance, UK has witnessed 20 such deaths of women in the past five years due to honor crimes. India is a country which has sever traditions that are practiced even to date these include burning brides for sake of dowry, acid attacks, rapes and gang rapes, sexual harassments, illing and raping young girls etc and these apply to both Muslim and Hindu women in their culture. No matter how modernize a women becomes, but such kind of norm against women hardly changes (Tripathi. A. Yadav. S. , 2005, pp. 63-78). Lessons Learned It is understood that people who indulge into Honor killings of Women and girls have emotional attachment with their views, belief, culture and religion. They consider such issues as a mat ter of pride and respect. In order to hinder such acts I believe one has to take serious actions. According to my knowledge and understanding about the underlined topic, publishing and distributing actual Islamic sayings with references can reduce honor killings, more education should be given to people from all classes that marrying some one willingly is not a reason to kill anyone, print media and television should broadcasts open debates on these issues which are often avoided as a taboo, I believe one can use the mosque (A religious place of worship for Muslims) as a platform to educate illiterate people and notify them that it’s a crime, Government itself should contribute and initiate movements against such acts wherever honor killings are taken place in Muslim World. I believe it is everyone’s responsibility to stop this activity and nip the evil in the bud wherever witnessed for sake of saving humanity and women’s rights (Mufti. N. M. et al. , 2012, pp. 180-185). I believe such victims in case of survival should be provided with psychological rehabili tation and mental support. Encouraging people who so ever witness these crimes to report immediately to the concerned authority. Government should provide financial aid to NGOs who are continuously working for this cause. Both boys and girls should be educated about equal human rights from the childhood (Tripathi. A. Yadav. S. , 2005, pp. 63-78). Conclusion Honor Killings of Muslim women in the name of religion is just a means of escape for men, communities, tribal groups who believe in their so called norms, culture, tradition and values. Such terrible acts occur in almost every country where Muslims with conservative thinking are residing and they believe that women are just n object whose activities may affect their reputation severely. These acts should be stopped by law and religious teachings. Concerned authorities should take serious actions against criminals involved in honor killing and punish them strictly. Works Cited Fist. R. The Crime wave that shames the world. The Independent. (2010) Web. 11 Oct. 2012. http://www. independent. co. uk Mufti. N. M. et al. Honor Killing in Pakistan: An Islamic Perspective. Asian Social Science. vol 8 no. (10) (2012) pp. 180-185 Parker. H. Reviews: Killing Women for honor. Contemporary Review. (2007) pp. 507-508. Tripathi. A. Yadav. S. For the Sake of honor: But Whose Honor? Honor Crimes Against Women. Asia Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law. vol 2 (2005) pp. 63-78. How to cite Honor Killing of Muslim Women, Essay examples

1-800 by Logic free essay sample

First of all , the genres are Pop rap, Conscious rap, and East Coast hip hop rap . This song is tremendously impactful , he touches on a subject , suicide , that many people are sensitive about . Everything related to someone wanting to harm themselves such as , mental health, anxiety,depression, racism, discrimination , and domestic assault. What intrigues someone to listen more is definitely the first hook and verse which is in the perspective of someone calling the suicide hotline. It is well executed and as you get deeper into the song , you may notice how the hook changes, this is because he changes perspectives. He now uses it from the operators point of view who is trying to help someone wanting to die. The song is a bit dark but it was something that needed to be covered, I definitely recommend this song. If you know someone struggling , recommend this song. It could save a life. We will write a custom essay sample on 1-800 by Logic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Logic truly wrote a masterpiece, everything from incorporating Alessia Cara and Khalid , to the lyrics , and 25th chorus. Just the way this song is put together is truly special. This song should definitely be at the top of the charts . I give this work of art a 10 out of 10.

Jefferson Vs Hamilton Essays - James Madison,

Jefferson Vs Hamilton Between Jefferson and Hamilton the two both wanted what was best for the newly formed country but just had different opinions on how to go about it. Hamilton wanted the United States to be governed by an aristocracy while Jefferson had his faith in the people and disagreed with Hamilton. On this basis the two had many disputes on issues in the country, such as the economy with farming and industry, the national bank, or how to interpret the Constitution. 1. Shipping and Manufacturing a. Jefferson-wanted U.S to be nation of farmers. b. Hamilton- encouraged shipping and manufacturing. c. One side result of this was Hamiltons proposal for a national bank d. Jefferson feared that the bank would encourage financial speculation and hurt farming interests. e. Also thought it would give government too much power. 2. Constitutional Interpretation a. Jefferson developed strict construction theory b. Says the government should assume only the powers expressly given it by the Constitution. c. Hamilton wanted loose interpretation of the Constitution d. Said that the government should assume all powers not expressly denied it. e. Washington favored Hamilton. Overall Hamilton and Jefferson were both great political leaders for the new developing nation, it needed a precedent on how to run the country and these two men had different manners of going about it. One wanted aristocracy to control, the other believed in the common people Hamilton wanted loose interpretation while Jefferson believed in strict interpretation. Overall it was good for the new country for two important men who wanted what they thought was best for the country and dispute over it, because it gave a choice between both sides in order to pick the best possible decision. Kasen Whitehouse History Essays

Emtional impact of Civil war essays

Emtional impact of Civil war essays The Civil War began July1861 when Union troops set out for Richmond, Virginia. They met Confederate forces soon after the left at a small stream in Virginia called Bull Run. The carnage that followed showed the nation that the war was anything but civil. In this war fathers fought sons, brothers fought brothers, and families fought themselves. This no doubt left emotional scars for everyone involved. An example of the emotional impact that the war had left on the soldiers, the families, and the nation is The Slopes of War by N.A Perez. This book is about the Summerhill family, which is going through the Civil War. Rebekah Summerhill has three family members who are fighting in the war. Buck Summerhill, Rebekahs brother, is accompanied by his friend Tully Willard. They are both privates in the Union Army. Custis and Mason Walker, Rebekahs cousins, are privates in the Confederate Army. During their childhood Rebekah, Buck, Custis, and Mason were close since the both grew up in the same area. Because of this Buck and Rebekah has the emotional dispute of fighting their own blood in a war. The purpose of this thesis is to show the emotional impact the Civil War had on the people involved. And how The Slopes of War portrayed it. I will show examples of this in a letter by Jno. D. Dameron, another letter by JN Bennet, and a song called, The Prisoners Hope by George F. Root. The letter by Jno. D. Dameron is to his father. In it he writes about his father not writing to him, I had concluded that I could not write to any more until I had received a letter from home. (Dameron, letter by author, December 1862) This shows how homesick Dameron was. This is exactly how Buck felt during the first parts of the book, Were getting close to home (The Slopes of War, N.A. Perez, PG 3) The quote came from when Bucks squadron i ...

Beazer Homes Case

Investors were lead to believe that the company financials were healthier than they actually were, as evidenced by the changes noted when the financial statements had to be restated. As a result of doing this, investors who were under the impression of a healthier position, continued to invest in an organization that was essentially doing nothing more than stealing their money; money which could have been invested into a different enterprise rather than padding the pockets of executives that didnt earn it. As a result of having to restate financial statements, the per share price of Beazer Homes dropped from the $35/share price level in may, to approximately $11/share by the end of July. This is a significant loss in wealth for investors. In addition to the allegations against Mr. Rand for possible accounting fraud, allegations were also brought against Beazer Homes for mortgage fraud. To address the question as to which is a more serious offense, it would be our opinion that both would carry an equal weight of seriousness. On the one hand, investors were misled, as noted above, and this led to a significant loss of wealth for many, especially those individuals and/or institutions that may have held a large position. On the other hand, to address the issue of mortgage fraud, new homeowners were oftentimes cheated out of money that they paid to Beazer Homes. A example of this is when Beazer Homes would require purchasers to pay a fee for interest discount points at closing. Then Beazer Homes would keep the cash received and not lower the interest rate. This is just one example, but it can be an extremely costly one when you look at how much a . 25 percent or . 5 percent reduction in an interest rate can be over the life of a 20 or 30 year fixed rate mortgage; thats if Beazer Homes wasnt trying to convince people that an adjustable rate or hybrid mortgage would be better for their situation. Additionally, Beazer Homes ignored income requirements when making loans to unqualified purchasers, which not only put the purchaser in jeopardy of having the income needed to make their ayments, but in the event of default or foreclosure, it can have a significant impact on the home values of the neighborhood. As a result of these legal issues with Beazer Homes, the SEC issued a notice to the Beazer Homes CEO called the Wells notice. The Wells notice was created under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which states that if a firm has to restate their financial statements, the SEC can require the CEO and CFO to return any and all bonuses that were received during the period of restated financial statements. Additionally, the CEO and CFO do not need to have any knowledge of errors. The SEC issued the Wells notice to the Beazer Homes CEO, Ian J. McCarthy, on 13 November 2009, indicating that the SEC would be brining a civil case against him to collect incentive compensation. In the notice issued to the CEO, there was no indication or allegations of cover-up, or misconduct, on the part of Mr. McCarthy with respect to the financial statements or other disclosures that were published during the period in question.

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Final paper - Essay Example Natural law is based on the independence of supernatural considerations and natural foundations. Natural law has two perspectives: the transcendental and evolutionary. The due process was developed to ensure that individuals had their rights and freedoms portrayed and that they had a fair trial in defending themselves in the court. The crime control method, was however, implemented to ensure that weak cases were finished up easily and discarded as soon as possible; the model ensures that bigger cases, which are important, would get more attention from the courts thus an earlier conviction (Dautrich and Yalof, 2012). The due process aims to ensure that a person in any contact with a criminal agency cannot have his/her rights refused minus the appropriate applicable legal measures. The basis of this model is that a person has some fundamental rights that are needed to be upheld by a criminal agency. The model has less faith in the justice system compared to the crime control method. However, the model is useful because it controls the forcible powers of the agencies; and if there is an error or mistake, the accused can defend them. Thus, the principal aim of the model is to create a system that the accused is assumed innocent until his/her guilt is proven by the court of law (Dautrich and Yalof 2012). The crime control model condemns a person for performing an action which is perceived to be criminal. The model prioritizes the conviction of individuals who have committed a crime yet they do not want the court system to decide them. The model is focused on conviction and innocent individuals may end up being convicted for the model to achieve its goal. The model comprises of some assumptions: justification of rights for the victimized, heavy dependence on the prosecutorial events and the deduction of guilt (Kraska 2004). The crime model is a conservative

Week 5 Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Week 5 Individual Assignment - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategic plan, leadership considerations, and other factors that will allow Gene One to achieve the transformational process successfully. The former CEO of the company Don Ruiz had the right idea in mind when he developed the idea of turning the company into a publicly traded entity. Don has passed away and Gene One is currently in dying need of a new CEO that is able to transform the company so that it can become an efficient public enterprise. The three primary goals of Gene One are to grow its revenues by 40%, to raise additional capital, and to develop new products. The timeline for completion of the IPO process is a maximum of 36 months. Prior to his death Don Ruiz had made remarks in the scenario that he might not be the right person to lead the company in the transformational process. Now that the company has to fill his vacancy the human resource department must recruit a new CEO. This CEO has to have the right leadership style to inspire the staff into believing that the direction of the company is the right path. The chief executive officer position is the top managerial position within a corporation. Due to the changes that are occurring within Gene One the new CEO has to be a true leader in order to ensure his troops follow the manager’s guidance. A leadership style that is well suited for the CEO position at Gene One Corporation is a charismatic leadership style. A charismatic leader can be defined as a leader who by force of their personal abilities is capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p. 300). An example of a charismatic leader is Martin Luther King. Charismatic leaders have high moral beliefs, great interpersonal and communication skills, and the ability to inspire others to achieve higher levels of performance. At Gene One

Florida V Riley Case Brief Essay Example for Free

Florida V Riley Case Brief Essay Legal Citation: 488 U. S. 445, 109 S. Ct. 693, 102 L. Ed. 2d. 835 (1989) Procedural History: The respondent, Michael A. Riley, was charged with possession of marijuana under Florida law. The trail court granted his motion to suppress; the Court of Appeals reversed but certified the case to the Florida Supreme Court, which rejected the decision of the Court of Appeals and reinstated the trail court’s suppression order. The Supreme Court granted a writ of certiorari for Florida to review the decision of the Supreme Court of Florida. Question: Is surveillance of the interior of the partially covered greenhouse in a residential backyard from a vantage point of a helicopter located 400 feet above the greenhouse constitutes as a ‘search,’ for which a warrant is required under the Fourth Amendment and Article I, Section 12 of Florida Constitution? Facts: In this case, the Pasco County Sheriff’s office received an anonymous tip that marijuana was being grown on the respondent’s property. When the investigating officer discovered that he was not able to see the contents of the green house by the road. All he was able to see was a wire fence surrounding the mobile home and the greenhouse with a â€Å"DO NOT ENTER† sign posted on the property. He then circled twice over the respondent’s property in a helicopter at the height of 400 feet. With his naked eye, he was able to see through the openings in the roof, since there had been two missing panels, and identify what he thought was marijuana growing in the structure. A warrant was later obtained based on these observations, continuing the search revealed marijuana growing in the greenhouse. Which lead, the respondent, Michael A. Riley, to be charged with possession of marijuana under the Florida law. Decision: No. The surveillance of the interior of the partially covered greenhouse in a residential backyard from a vantage point of a helicopter located 400 feet above the greenhouse does not constitutes as a ‘search’ for which a warrant is required under the Fourth Amendment and Article I, Section 12 of Florida Constitution because helicopters are not bound by the lower limits of navigable airspace allowed to other aircrafts. Any member of the public could have legally have been flying over Riley’s property in a helicopter at the altitude of 400 feet and could have observed Riley’s greenhouse. Nothing implied that the helicopter interfered with respondent’s normal use of the greenhouse or the other parts of the curtilage. Therefore, the police did not violate his Fourth Amendment, right to privacy. Judgment: Reversed Principle of Law: The reason the court reserved the decision of the Supreme Court of Florida is because there is nothing in the records that suggest the helicopters flying at 400 feet are sufficiently rare in this country to lead substance to respondents claim that he reasonably anticipated that his greenhouse would not be subject to observation from that altitude.

The Role of Quiting in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales Essay -- Canterb

The Role of "Quiting" in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚   In Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales, many characters express the desire to "pay back" some other pilgrim for their tale. The function of "quiting" gives us insights into the ways in which Chaucer painted the social fabric of his world. The characters of the Knight, the Miller, and the Reeve, all seem to take part in a tournament of speech. The role of "quiting" in The Canterbury Tales serves to "allow the characters themselves to transcend their own social class, and class-based moral expectations, in order to gain power over people of "higher" social strata."(Hallissy 41) Throughout each prologue of the first three tales, we can see a clear description of the social rank of each speaker. The Knight is clearly the person to start the Tale cycle, as he belongs to the highest class of all the Pilgrims. By following the Knight, the Miller usurps the Monk’s privilege to tell the next tale, and begins one of his own. The Miller is allowed by the Host to use the pretense of being drunk, and proceeds to tell a story which goes against social conventions by poking fun at the rules and regulations of a higher social class. The Reeve then follows the Miller’s Tale with one of his own. Osewold tries to "quit" the Miller’s Tale by telling the story concerning Symkyn. The progression from the Knight to the Miller to the Reeve, gives us a picture of three very different class-levels. Through their speech, however, the lower-class characters of the Miller and Reeve are allowed to comment and pass judgement on people without fear of the socially-c onstructed class system. In his Prologue, the Miller seems to be driven by a kind of anger directed at the ending of the Knight’s s... ...o meaning within the world of the mind. A lowly Miller has as much right to "quit" a Knight as anyone does. The battle instead, becomes one of inner strength, where the contestants are not defined by social roles, but by the quality and passion of their beliefs. Works Cited and Consulted Brewer, Derek. Tradition and Innovation in Chaucer. London: Macmillan, 1982. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. In the Riverside Chaucer. Larry D. Benson, ed. Boston: Houghton, 1987. Cooper, Helen. "Deeper into the Reeve’s Tale, 1395-1670." Pp. 168-184. In Chaucer Traditions: Studies in Honour of Derek Brewer. Ruth Morse and Barry Windeatt, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. Delasanta, Rodney. "The Miller’s Tale Revisited." Chaucer Review 31.3 (1997), 209-231. Hallissy, Margaret. Codes of Conduct in The Canterbury Tales. Connecticut: Greenwood, 1993.

The Secret Lives of Bees

The Missing Piece of the Puzzle Delis Lilies Kettering College Medical School of Arts The most obvious symbol of the Black Madonna in the writings of Sue Monk Kid represented a character of strength, endurance, stability, and a loving Mother. Many people ask themselves this question, â€Å"What is my true purpose in life? † Or â€Å"Who am I meant to be? † Most of the time they get an answer based on a religion, inspirational readings or thought. The Virgin Mary, the Black Madonna, is history's example of a mother.She is sensitive and firm, relatable and divine. The Black Madonna teaches Lily that she has mothers all around her, Rationale's protection, Mayo's caring, and Augustus love, Lily finds a mother in everyone around her, including herself. Sue Monk Kid begins her story with a character by the name of Lilly Ray, a fourteen old girl who lives with her abusive father, T-Ray Brown. Lily had the tragic experience of losing her mother at a young age. She never had the intimate relationship that comes with having a mother in your life.She never experienced the soft voice or embrace of a mothers loving arms, something she longed for all her life. Life has a funny way of eating us down the path we are destine to take, but at the same time, comforting us with situations that are unpleasant. The people that we meet on our Journey are people we are destined to meet. Rosalie, a black house keeper who lived in the south and worked for T-Ray, was one of the closes things Lily could call a mother figure in her life. Lily and Rosalie shared a common ground.The two loved each other and at the same time, longed for something deeper in their lives. Sue Monk Kid teaches us the importance of relationship and the power of female community. Lily longs for her mother and cherishes the few possession of her mother. She keeps a box of her mother's memories buried in the orchard. In the box, there are photos, a pair of white gloves, and a wooden picture of a black Ma ry with the words â€Å"Tiburon S. C. † on the back. Every time Lily feels alone or unhappy, she digs the box up. Sue Monk Kid demonstrates the significance of mothers to adequate human development.Everyone, regardless of circumstance or color, needs a mother. Lily's journey brings her to a place where transition and fate kisses face to face. Unfortunately, it also ends a relationship with her father whom she loved but didn't understand. The Black Madonna serves several functions in Sue Monk Kid writing. It symbolizes as a surrogate mother to Lily seeing this was the only image she could relate back to her mother. However, the real meaning and symbolization comes from Catholic Catechism. Catholics place high emphasis on Marry roles as the protector and intercessor.The Church holds the Blessed Virgins Mary, mother of Jesus Christ, in special regard. They feel a strong personal relationship to Mary as Lily did to Rosalie and the Bodyweight home. She is in a sense, mother to all . Just as Lilly turned to August for love and support, the Catholics turn to Marry Madonna for the name type of affection. The Black Madonna, through the teaching of August, gives Lily the strength and confidence to begin to change the way she thinks about her father's behavior. Sue Monk Kid captures the bravery of Lily's actions.In a time when slavery was still present and in its strongest form, Lily was able to gather strength from the Madonna and her circle of friends to make her passage way to wholeness and a new beginning. Many different faiths and religions view the icon ‘Mary Madonna' in different ways, but for Lily's life, it would be the life changing motivating factor to start her on a new road of healing and freedom. Lilly sees honey for sale with the same picture of a black Mary that her Mother had. She discovers that a women name August Bodyweight sells the honey and Lily travels with her friend Rosalie to the Bodyweight home.Lily meets the sisters, August, June, and May, who lives in this bright pink house. She was so nervous of the unknown; she began to lie to them about her past. It is human nature to hold onto to something from our past that brings us shame. We cling to the memories of the past; for it is there we can find peace and comfort. August is a black single woman who lives with her sisters and helps run her family business. She invites Lily and Rosalie to stay in the honey house. As time moves on, August develops a special bond with Lily becoming a surrogate mother to her.In each person's life, much of the Joy and sorrow revolves around attachments or affectionate relationships making them, breaking them, preparing for them, and adjusting to their loss by death. Among all of these bonds, are the special bonds – of a mother or father we cherish the most. Bonding does not refer to mutual affection between a baby and an adult, but to the phenomenon whereby adults become â€Å"Committed by a one-way flow of concern and affec tion to hillier for whom they have cared during the first months and years of life,† (hacker 20011). According to J.Robertson in his book, ‘A Baby in the Family Loving and being Loved,' individuals may have from three hundred to four hundred acquaintances in their lifetimes, but at any one time there are only a small number of persons to whom they are closely attached (Robertson, 1982, p. 53-54). He explains that much of the richness and beauty of life is derived from these close relationships which each person has with a small number of individuals such as, mother, father, brother, ester, husband, wife, son, daughter, and a small cadre of close friends (Robertson, 1982, p. 3-54). Attachment is crucial to the survival and development of human kind. August makes the most important statement Lily would ever receive about the black Mary and who she is; â€Å"Our Lady is not some magical being out there somewhere, like a fairy godmother. She's not in the statue in the parlo r. She's something inside you† (Kid, 288). It is at this point Lily discovers where her true strength comes from. She sees it inside of her. As this story unfolds, Lily is now able to make peace with the past and with her father.She understands the hurt she was feeling but never took the time to see that T-Ray was also dealing with his own daemons and hurt. It was the hate and bitter heart oft-Ray that drove Lily on her journey, but it's her destiny that leads her to a new hive of mothers, and falls in love with who she is inside.

Competition law Essay

A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. By definition, monopoly is characterized by an absence of competition, which often results in high prices and inferior products. According to a strict academic definition, a monopoly is a market containing a single firm. In such instances where a single firm holds monopoly power, the company will typically be forced to divest its assets. Antimonopoly regulation protects free markets from being dominated by a single entity. Explanation ‘Monopoly’ Monopoly is the extreme case in capitalism. Most believe that, with few exceptions, the system just doesn’t work when there is only one provider of a good or service because there is no incentive to improve it to meet the demands of consumers. Governments attempt to prevent monopolies from arising through the use of antitrust laws. Of course, there are gray areas; take for example the granting of patents on new inventions. These give, in effect, a monopoly on a product for a set period of time. The reasoning behind patents is to give innovators some time to recoup what are often large research and development costs. In theory, they are a way of using monopolies to promote innovation. Another example are public monopolies set up by governments to provide essential services. Some believe that utilities should offer public goods and services such as water and electricity at a price that is affordable to everyone.

Psychodynamic Theory Rooted In Freud Essay

Psychodynamic Theory Rooted In Freud Essay Psychodynamic Theory Rooted In Freud Essay Psychodynamic theory rooted in Freud’s theory of personality, he suggested that the ego acts as mediate to strike a balance between the primitive desires represented by the id and the moral and social constrains represented by the superego. (Siegel, 2005) The extreme guilt resulting from harsh superego is a source of crime, since the behaviour aiming at being caught to decrease the feeling of guilt. A weak superego reflected in inability to delay immediate gratification. The deviant superego, for example, will make a son raised by a criminal father feel acceptable and perform the criminal acts that father would engaging in, since the internalization of same sex parent as a moral regulator is a critical role of superego. (Newburn, 2007)And then Bowlby(1944) developed the idea about early separation of a child from its mother, suggested that the maternal separation will lead to difficulties in an inability to form functional social relationship, since the attachment bond as th e is the prototype for all future relationship. When apply to crime, basing on the research showing that almost 39% of the group of juvenile delinquency has the disruption of maternal relationship, Bowlby suggests that impaired ability to relate to other could result in both affectionless psychopathy and psychologically immature characterised by inability to delay gratification which are related to later criminal behaviour, specifically the Oedipus complex can result in a number of unconscious criminal acts. (Bowlby, 1951) Moreover, Glueck and Glueck (1950)largely developed psychodynamic theory of delinquency and crime, which is he tentative causal formula reflecting Freudian ther and their empirical findings including the 500 delinquent research. They suggests that the poor parenting practices and parental modelling, and the pursuit of self-interest are the core factors leading to the weak internal controls regarded as a weak superego. Psychodynamic theory has pointed out the importance of early life experiences, especially parenting. However, it fails to test empirically while it focuses on internal conflicts and unconscious processes. (Howitt, 2011) The major critic, Wotton (1959) argued that the quality of the relationship is important, and the possibility of the reverse of separation should be considered. While Rutter (1972) argued that the psychodynamic theory is not easily tested while it bases on the unconscious mind. First of all, the psychodynamic theory is reductionist approach, since while psychodynamic theory simplifies complex human behaviour to the mechanics of the mind; for example, the ego strength is used to measure a person’s ability to control itself. Secondly, the psychodynamic theory is determinist while it suggests that people have no free will to decide how they behave. Thirdly, the Freud’s theory it is difficult to falsify, and a good theory can be tested to see if it is wrong (Popper, 1935), while Freud’s assumption focuses on unconscious mind. Next, move to learning theory. ‘It is widely accepted that children and adult may learn effectively from the actions of another person through a process of imitation.’ (Howitt, 2011). Behaviour theory views that human behaviour is developed through learning experience. And this kind of imitation is first regarded as a form of vicarious learning as Miller and Dollard (1941) suggested. When apply learning theory to criminology, it can be seen that the family and socio-economic, peer, school and community are the core risk factors increasing the probability of offending, which are the objects being modelled after. (Kazdin et al. 1997) Sutherland (1939) put forward the differential association learning theory, suggesting that the learning of the attitudes supporting crime and the specific behaviour for committing crimes are the two prerequisites within he family and peer group for a person to develop into an offender.(Akers, 1966) Albert Bandura developed the idea into the social

Tort law undergraduate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tort law undergraduate - Essay Example One should be aware that this is another province in which the relationship among Human Rights Act and the common law principles will have to be worked out over periods of time. Further, the introduction of HR Act has not resulted in any major changes in the court’s outlook to the public official’s obligation at common law. (Lunney & Oliphant 2008: 530). In Van Colle case, the plaintiff’s son, who was likely to be a witness, in an ensuing criminal trial process, was under constant intimidation and threat which the police were aware as he had duly intimated to police about this, and the plaintiff’s son was murdered before the commencement of trial itself. Under Article 2 of the HRA, a claim was brought under the HRA for the infringement of the duties. (Lunney & Oliphant 2008:148). Thus , an action was initiated against the police for awarding compensation under the HRA 1998 , basing on a failure by the police as they failed to save the life of a citizen under police’s positive obligation under art .2 of ECHR and got a favourable verdict at first instance. The police appealed to the Court of Appeal, and it was unsuccessful and then made an appeal to House of Lords where the Lords gave the verdict in favour of police. In â€Å"Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire†, (Harpwood 106), the decision of Houses of Lords was footed on public policy, which functioned as a watertight guard in civil claims for the police which resulted in a disproportionate bar on the privileges of individuals. (Harpwood 106). House of Lords was of the opinion that there was no fundamental for inflicting duties on the police as it would interrupt with the freedom of action which police is required when dealing with a grave crime(Harpwood 106). However, in Hill case, Lord Keith was of the view that police may be tortuously responsible to an

Critical Thinking English- A New Earth Chapters Eight and Nine Essay

Critical Thinking English- A New Earth Chapters Eight and Nine - Essay Example It is all about holding on and never about letting go. Therefore, even I myself can only hardly comprehend the meaning of letting go, especially on the spiritual level. Nevertheless, perhaps, what we human beings have not noticed is that the more we try to hold on to something – no matter how much we love and value it, the more fear we experience. Fear is a debilitating phenomenon and it is real. If fear reaches its maximum in us, we would not be able to function as good individuals anymore and we react with anger even towards that thing that we have always held on to. The only way therefore to enjoy our lives without the fear is to let go. The process of letting go begins with the acceptance of the inevitability of change. This mere acceptance may bring about negative feelings in us or even more fear at first. Nevertheless, it will definitely eventually bring us the inner peace that we have always been longing for. This peace is the realization that the material comes only se condary to the spiritual. We can always let go of the material so that we can let go of the fear. When we have let go of things and when we have let go of fear and when we are filled with great peace, it is only then that we realize that we are powerful. In fact, as what Rilke said in â€Å"Buddha in Glory,† â€Å"Now you feel how nothing clings to you/ your vast shell reaches into endless space/ and there the rich, thick fluids rise and flow/ illuminated in your infinite peace† (Rilke). From Chapter 9, the line that appealed to me the most was â€Å"Don’t let a mad world tell you that success is anything other than a successful present moment† (162). Success is fleeting, and it is sweet because it only happens at a specific moment and deep down we know that the happiness that success brings will not last long. The society we live in as well as our educational system and everything else around us and within

The Proper Accounting Treatment of Auto World Inc Essay

The Proper Accounting Treatment of Auto World Inc - Essay Example However, there is still a need to verify, through certain audit procedures and audit evidence if Pit Stop is really a component of an entity. This includes assessing if the cash flows subsequent to the disposal can be classified as direct or indirect cash flows in accordance with EITF No. 3 – 13 and if Auto World will still have a significant influence on Pit Stop’s operations after its disposal. The major accounting issue for Auto World is the proper accounting treatment, presentation and disclosure for Pit Stop’s operations in Auto World’s financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2007. All these will depend on whether or not Pit Stop is really a component of Auto World and whether it will qualify as discontinued operations. According to Paragraph 41 of SFAS No. 144, â€Å"a component of an entity comprises operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity†. Another definition in paragraph 10 of SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, stated that an operating segment is one that has its own business activities where it derives and incurs revenues and expenses, respectively. One factor to determine whether it is an operating segment is that its operating results are consistently viewed and analyzed by top management for decisions related to resource allocation and to performance assessment. Lastly, a â€Å"component of an entity† (SFAS No. 144, par. 41) can also be a reporting unit, that is, â€Å"an operating segment or one level below an operating segment† (SFAS No. 142, par. 30). Using the above definitions, it seems that Pit Stop is a â€Å"component of an entity (SFAS No. 144, Par. 41). This is based on the facts that one, all 30 branches of Pit Stop will be disposed one time and two, Pit Stop is distinguishable from the  other operations of Auto World, both in terms of physical branches and in terms of revenues and expenses.  

Horizontal Map and Curriculum Chart Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Horizontal Map and Curriculum Chart - Coursework Example Type in the resources used to obtain your mission statement here: http://school.stmcary.org/school%20philosophy.htm Part II: CHARACTER EDUCATION PLAN List 8 character principles that you feel should be taught throughout the curriculum. Response: 1. Communication 2. Commitment 3. Acculturation 4. Flexibility 5. Team work 6. Responsibility 7. Confidentiality 8. Interdependence Create a corresponding learning experience that could be used to teach and practice the identified 8 character principles. Response: 1. Communication: The idea behind any language use is to create understanding. The learners involved in English language use should comprehend each other so much so that there is no room left for doubts or misunderstandings. Any form of miscommunication is lethal to peaceful co-existence of a people. 2. Interdependence: There is a need to view the use of English language in the form of a clear relationship among the communication components. Communication is complete where there is effective listening, which leads to a better response while speaking. Reading also should affect the way a person applies their writing skill. These four elements are the necessary skills for any language use. 3. Acculturation: The use of English language should be such that it makes a people accept and respect the cultures of other peoples. Thus, language use should be integrated with the cultural activities and contexts of the people to create the appropriate meaning. 4. Flexibility: English language should enable learners to be flexible in terms of adjusting to different contexts and situation. Owing to the fact that language use in one context could be interpreted to mean differently in another context, there is then a need to accord each situation and context, a particular communication mode. 5. Teamwork: English language should encourage free interaction and cooperation in all activities that the learners undertake in all aspects of life. Learners should appreciate the importa nce of teamwork in achieving individual and organizational goals. Through effective communication and clear understanding, teamwork is enhanced. 6. Responsibility: English language use should instill the element of responsibility on the part of the learners. English curriculum should lay emphasis on accountability by encouraging the learners to avoid misuse of the language. 7. Confidentiality: The English curriculum should encourage learners to observe confidentiality in formal settings. The learners should observe discretion when making formal speech and formal writing. This is necessary when communicating information that has limited accessibility. 8. Commitment: The English curriculum should encourage obligation to ones duties. The learners should learn to accomplish various assignments and fulfill any of the promises they make. Commitment enables students to achieve their set objectives in the stipulated time. Part 3: Section A STANDARDS – Comparison and Contrast Standard s of English language 1. English language Arts (ELA) of the Georgia 2. English Standards of learning, (SOL) of Virginia state Comparison of the two sets of standards In both the English language Arts (ELA) of the Georgia state and the English Standards of learning, (SOL) of Virginia state, the students are exposed to similar content, and by the time they leave school, they are in a better position to

Analyzing Groundhog Day

Analyzing Groundhog Day Bill Murray plays Phil, an arrogant, self obsessed weather forecaster who goes to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, in preparation of a broadcast for the next day about the annual occurrence of the coming out of the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil. As he wakes up in the morning and does records his coverage of the event, he is annoyed to find out that he will have to spend another night in Punxsutawney because of an incoming snowstorm. This is where things start to go wrong for Phil as in his earlier forecast; ironically, he predicted that the following days are going to be sunny. When he wakes up the next morning in his room he is very surprised to see that it almost looks like a repetition of the previous day! Everything that happened to him a day earlier at the top of the stairs the same person trying to talk to him; the old high school friend, Ned, recognizing him on the street, the ceremony of the groundhog day everything starts to repeat. Phil spends the day in shock and thinking it is a bad dream but at the end of the day he is stuck in Punxsutawney because of the snowstorm again. When he wakes up the next morning, everything is the same as the previous days, and he again gets stuck in the town for the snowstorm. By this time Phil realizes that this is not just a bad dream, so he starts to look for ways to get out of the situation and remove him from this time loop. Soon Phil realizes that if he doesnt change anything, the events repeat themselves similarly to the first day. But if he only changes his behavior towards the townsfolk, they respond to his actions, which eventually help him reach his goal of winning the heart of Rita. With each repeating day, Phil is the only one who remembers what happened in previous iteration of the same day. At first Phil is awed by this surreal event. As the days keep repeating Phil begins to treat life as a game since nothing he does seem to matter, and the next day is a fresh start of the same scenario: no matter what he does, time resets and he wakes up as if nothing happened. But as the days pass endlessly repeating itself, Phil eventually finds a purpose: get to know as much as he can about Rita, so he can seduce her. When all his tries to win Ritas heart fails day after day, his despair deepens, and he loses his will to live and begins to spend his days killing himself. In desperation, he reveals his plight to Rita and hesitantly she spends the night with him. But again, Phil wakes up to the same music of Sonny and Cher. But, spending a night with Rita makes him realize that someone actually liked him for who he is, he comes to a revelation he begins to live the life he never lived before. Phil starts to take control of circumstances, aided by the fact that he has plenty of time and the safety of starting from scratch if he messes up. He begins to take piano lessons, he learns how to be an ice sculptor, and he becomes more generous. Phil, knowing how the events in the day will happen, begins to use this knowledge to start helping towns people. As he suffered through the repeating days to come to this point, Phil starts to transform and empathizes with other peoples suffering. He becomes a local hero in Punxsutawney. Finally, Rita falls in love with the new Phil, attracted by his generous personality and maturity. He falls asleep by the side of her and when he wakes up she is still there and the curse is broken. In her expert analytical article The Spiritual Power of Repetitive Form: Steps Toward Transcendence in Groundhog Day, Suzanne M. Daughton explains how a modern romantic comedy such as Groundhog Day has a deeper meaning than just entertainment for the viewers. She explains that the movie portrays the lead actor as a stereotypical male figure with ego boundary that, at the start of the film, keeps every other character away from him. When he is trapped in the time loop of repeating days it takes Phil nearly 34 days to break all the barriers and to finally embrace the situation to use it to his advantage. Daughton describes Phils character before transformation as: Phil Connors, miserable cynic: self-centered, abrasive, and deservedly friendless. When Phil progresses to different transformations in the movie Daughton lists these stages that Phil goes through as: cynicism, alarm, hedonism, depression and anger, denial and avoidance, resignation, acceptance and growth. The list describes all the emotions Phil goes though to reach his final stage where is becomes the ideal male and is able to win Ritas heart and break the curse. Groundhog Day shows that the turning point in Phils life is when he starts to build relations with the common people and start to communicate. According to Daughton, Groundhog Day has more to do with its protagonist coming to appreciate the stereotypically feminine focus on connection with others, than with reinscribing the stereotypically masculine individuation and domination glorified in films. Unlike other change-of-heart films, Connors does not renounce independent thought and retreat to little-boy status; instead he grows out of certain boyhood beliefs and practices. At the end of the film Phil starts his acceptance and growth phase where he breaks the traditional stereotypical masculinity and accepts feminism to break the loop. Favorite film and its communication relevance My favorite film is When Harry Met Sally.. It is a simple romantic comedy on the surface but digging deeper into the characters reveals a lot about how males and females communicate with each other within their gender and how this gender based communication is very different than that of their counterparts. Harry approaches Sally as if she was his male buddy and very soon he steps out of the boundary of their newly formed relationship by asking her questions such as has she ever had great sex. This is not an appropriate question for that stage of the relationship, and it makes Sally defensive and uncomfortable. Harry portrays himself as an accomplished, cocky person and Sally starts to reveal more about her personal life to prove to Harry that she also has led a successful life like Harry. In the movie both character experiences interpersonal communication. Our text Reflect and relate defines it as a dynamic form of communication between two or more people in which the messages excha nged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors and relationships. An example of this is the scene when Harry and Sally happen to run into each other at the bookstore; they talk and communicate as matured person, unlike the first time they met. As their friendship deepens and they both deal with their breakups, they start to depend on each other for support and their friendship deepens. Eventually we see that they begin to fall for each other. This is interpersonal communication by definition as their communication is changing the way they feel about each other. At the party, seeing one another with other dates become a concern even though, they did not reveal to each other that they want to move to the next step. They both share things with the other that they wouldnt share with anyone else. These are all examples of interpersonal communication developed by the characters in the film where their actions are being influenced by their relationship. Film I didnt care for The film I didnt care for is Children of a Lesser God. The film revolves around the characters Sarah and James, and their relationship. Sarah is deaf and does not use her voice; James is a new teacher at the school who is not deaf and falls in love with Sarah. There are several communication issues presented throughout the film such as: the dialectical tension of autonomy between Sarah and James, social exchange theory which explains why people are drawn to those people that can offer them substantial benefits, social penetration theory, uncertainty reduction in a relationship etc. The film shows very well how to progress in a relationship when it is new and when it has matured. We see Sarah and James eventually realize that even though they want to be independent and live their own way, if they want to stay in a relationship the best way to move forward is to compromise and come to a middle ground that both can live with. The reason why I dont care for this film is because of the pl ot and background of the movie which is not a good fit for the majority of the people who has never experienced being a deaf or mute. While the film opens our eyes to the deaf culture and brings many communication issues to light, it is hard to relate to in comparison with our regular life. To me it feels like the film has almost a documentary like feeling to it than a movie. On the other hand I can relate to characters like Harry from When Harry Met Sally, or Phil Connors from Groundhog Day because we have seen people like them in real world. We have all met with someone at some point who was cocky and annoying or someone who asked inappropriate questions. That is the only fundamental flaw of the Children of a Lesser God in my opinion. Useful concepts in RR, and the articles There are several useful concepts from RR which helped to analyze the films such as interpersonal communication, self-fulfilling prophecy, communication competence, supportiveness and empathy, uncertainty reduction, pseudo-listening and active listening etc. The articles were also helpful in finding even deeper meaning behind the character and plot of the film, but I feel like some of them went too deep for the scope of the class such as SM Daughtons Groundhog Day article that explained a lot about how the character breaks out of stereotypical male model and embraces feminism to grow and mature. My favorite article is Crossing the barriers to friendship between men and women by Lee west et al. The film When Harry Met Sally, and the article helps a lot in understanding which mistakes males typically make when communicating with other gender. How can we make the relationship smoother and what are the things to avoid. This is a good learning opportunity for all of us presented in a come dic way by the film. Overall all the films and articles touched on different topic within communication that will be helpful in our daily lives as we strive to create better, fulfilling relationship with other around us. Works Cited Groundhog Day: The Movie. Groundhog Day: The Movie. Transparency, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. . The spiritual power of repetitive form: Steps toward transcendence in Groundhog Day, Daughton SM. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 1996 McCornack, Steven. Interpersonal Communication. Reflect Relate: An Introduction to Interpersonal Communication. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2016. N. pag. Print.

Snow Writing :: Writing Nature Writers Essays

Snow Writing When this project first came to my attention, I thought long and hard about what I would use to write and write on. I was sure I could come up with something creative and different. After a half hour of deep, deep thought, I came to the conclusion that I was going to take the easy way out and just write in snow with my finger. I was ashamed, but it needed to be done. It’s hard to imagine walking up to a large open field in the bitter cold to write or read the latest Hunter S. Thompson book, an issue of The Onion, or this very paper. In fact, it would be downright stupid. Yet, this was the technology that I choose to use. After writing the lengthy demonstration piece (I wrote â€Å"Demo†), it became abundantly clear that the process which writing technology has undergone has been nothing short of spectacular. The first part of the process is to understand that not only do you need to make a writing tool, but something to use the tool on. There are two things that someone needs to take into account when doing this: 1) permanence and 2) portability. Each rival each other in importance and both are vital to the process. We must first look at the pros and cons of each part of the equation: the snow and the finger. Starting with what was written on - the snow - you must look at what it does offer to you. First of all, snow is abundant in certain areas. From about Ohio and up the United States is covered in the stuff for a good few months a year. However, the drawback is that the snow is far from permanent. With the onset of warmer weather, the master works of the season would be lost forever. Snow has a natural fluidity to it which makes it easier to write in. It is also this fluidity of the snow that also causes the major problem in snow writing: the bunching of snow.

Amore Pacific Essay

AmorePacific, the leader in the Korean market for beauty products, was established in 1945 with a strong focus on researching and developing products based on Korean home remedies. The company 1959, listed its shares in the Korea Stock Exchange in 1973, and changed its name to AmorePacific Corporation in 1993. Industry dynamics and pace of development at Amore Pacific accelerated greatly during the 1990s. Domestically, anticipated entry by multinationals forced major changes in corporate and business strategy with a rigorous refocus on cosmetics by the mid-1990s, slashing of affiliates and reduction of headcount.[At the business level, it repositioned itself and its brands domestically and deepened its commitments by investing in product development and manufacturing as well as marketing/distribution in selected foreign markets, gearing itself for the challenges of the new millennium. Suggested Assignment Questions 1.Where does AmorePacific make most of its money? How has it been able to dominate the Korean market against local firms such as LG Household and Healthcare (HHC)? Against multinationals such as L’Oreal? 2.Assess the performance of MNC’s – how do they compare against local competitors? What are the reasons for local companies outperforming MNC’s? 3.Which of AmorePacific’s three principal international targets—France/Europe, China and the United States—seems the most promising? Should a penetration strategy for the U.S./Europe differ from that for China? 4.What other recommendations would you make to Suh Kyung-Bae about AmorePacific’s internationalization? Class Timeline The timeline for a typical class of 80 minutes might be as follows; Timing Introduction5 minutes SWOT analysis and challenges faced by local companies in the face 25minutes of foreign competitors Examination of the economics of local vs. multinational entrants20 minutes Identification of patterns in market selection and20 minutes discussion of future opportunities Update & Summary10 minutes TOTAL:80 minutes Case Analysis AMORE PACIFIC’s initial exploration of exporting face powders to USA based Coty, coupled with its strong market share in Korea, and its strength in herbal/ home remedies all paved the way for a successful entry into the international arena. But this path was not without the initial bumps as AmorePacific had a slow start; success only came about after deep understanding of the various foreign markets along with committed R&D and infrastructure investment. The biggest future challenge for AmorePacific is achieving synergy across its main markets and continuing with further expansions into new markets/ countries. For this a comprehensive strategy outlining products, production/ sourcing, marketing and distribution is required. This is important because in a very diverse world, many foreign contexts will be alien to many of the managers who must decide on cross-border issues. In such situations, success in home country is not enough. 1)Where does AmorePacific make most of its money? How has it been able to dominate the Korean market against local firms such as LG Household and Healthcare (HHC)? Against multinationals such as L’Oreal? In 2004 Amore pacific nabbed a place in the top 30 companies worldwide with a 30% share of the Korean market. While that of LG Household and Healthcare stood at 8% within the same context. Amongst other reasons one of the reasons for its relatively slow progress in comparison to Amorepacific was its late entry into the cosmetics business along with the heavy financial and restructuring costs over the same time period. This lead to a lack of innovation on its part generally following a me-too strategy to AmorePacific. For example setting up its own chain of stores and establishing door to door sales netwoek without a clear strategy. According to exhibit 7 AmorePacfic leads the market with significant investments in advertising, sales, and R&D; 20,000 Amore women, 350 specialty outlets versus 39 outlets for LG, development of innovative and relevant distribution channels and strong positioning of different product lines are just a few of the examples. Multinationals entering the market was relatively difficult due to the government division and depreciation of the dollar. This was magnified with the fact that the multinationals like L’oreal had to import their products due to a lack of investment in production infrastructure. This lead to a higher cost of goods sold mainly due to high tariff rates of 8%. Consequently leading to a high priced product to the consumer and this availability and distribution was restricted to high priced departmental store channels. We can see that LG HHC was losing money, and was never very profitable in economic terms, after allowing for cost of capital. This was mainly due to limited access/scale of distribution; cosmetics was not the main business for LG HHC. On the other hand Amore Pacific enjoyed a strategic advantage over LG as all their efforts were centered around the cosmetics business and they had greater advantages to leverage and typically get trade and consumer on their side; thus share of specific market winning over total size of business. AmorePacific had been earning healthy (20%-plus) operating  margins on the Korean cosmetic business whereas LG had seen its profitability drop down to zero in 2004. In a situation like this considering price realizations, or the willingness to pay; it is difficult to support a door-to-door sales force if you’ve got a 10%, 15% share of the market. 2)Assess the performance of MNC’s – how do they compare against local competitors? What are the reasons for local companies outperformaing MNC’s? Amore PacificL’OrealP&GUnileverShiseido Global Expansion strategyMainly centering around acquisitions in the Asian market starting off with Mininurse in China which was a well penetrated skin-care brand and later Yue-Sai. This enabled L’Oreal to bank on the existing company’s consumer and market expertise in the region without initiating heavy investment in product development, distribution or marketing strategy. Focus on Inorganic growth. Shiseido favored a joint investment with local partners. ProtectionismLarge established share; FDI’s welcomes at much later stage in country Financial supportGlobal presence provided the backbone for investments in the wake of Korea’s financial and money market crisis. R&DVertical integration aiding operations and quick product development. Successive launches of Hera, IOPE and Sulwhasoo focusing on different age groups, SEC’s and distribution channels. Focus on developing products as per Korean tastes rose after 10 years of its presence in Korea Distribution Rationalized distribution: AmorePacific was operating at three distribution markets. One was mass, the other one was door to door, and the third one was specialty Success in self developed channel of door-to-door (contributing 85% sales comprising 20,000 women employees) and agility in specialty stores (Amore opened 350 outlets in Korea while for LG opened only 39.)Concentration on high end/ high cost department store channel. Shisiedo opened up Les Salons du Palais Royal, a high end beauty parlor in Paris in 1992 and focussed on providing â€Å"beauty consulting† to consumers Marketing ExpenditureStrong focus with media advertising, beauty magazines and sponsoring relevant events; moving onto more innovative means of communication via magazines and new media. High investment in advertising spend and expertise in marketing management. Shisiedo localised product development but used global modeling for marketing (Eau d’Issey by Issey Miyake of Japan and Jean Paul Gaultier, named after its French creator) Cost vs. Foreignness advantageLocal manufacturing with indigenous materials sustaining prices at lower levels than MNC’s. Added support through the â€Å"Made in Korea† campaign. Adapting to market conditions; sticking to local celebrities albeit at higher cost to consumers Product PortfolioFocus on skin care and products developed typically for the Korean woman (products developed from home remedies with ginseng proving to be USP). Leverage of the biggest global beauty brands in its portfolio. To keep prices affordable for local consumers L’Oreal launched Maybelline with little success in bringing down relative pricesAlso operating in household products but mainstay was Olay; a personal care brandLargest player in various food categories with an extensive interest in personal care Competing in global perfumes market as well as cosmetics. Brand management/restructuring: Strong brand personality, project top of the line product, Asian beauty with global appeal; supported by a strong diverse product line each with their distinct positioning. Scale/ relative size: Amore Pacific’s cosmetic presence was about three times as big versus LG. Given that R&D, and advertising should be considered fixed costs and wouldn’t vary with volume; assuming they spend 10% on R&D and sales, and 14%, 15% advertising, supported by a higher local share, AP can amortize the cost over their international volume. Better understanding of the market: This lead to stronger strategies that were not easy to implement for multinational companies who have less flexibility and were not as prepared to come with a door-to-door sales force or the same marketing tactics. Product development and R&D: Having a strong R&D infrastructure provides a strength like no other and also serves a a strong barrier to entry for multinationals. Brand loyalty: Amore Pacififc has been number one in the Korean market for 60 years and has a solid line of loyal consumers and traders on its side. 3)Which of AmorePacific’s three principal international  targets—France/Europe, China and the United States—seems the most promising? Should a penetration strategy for the U.S./Europe differ from that for China? ChinaFranceUSA Market positionEconomy considered poorer and smaller than KoreaSignificant; requiring focused investment in R&D, strategy and productionV small/dual problems Market characteristicsGeographically and culturally closer. Middle of the line product range with focus on naturalist and product driven consumersDistant in consumer tastes and market peculiarities; perfumes vs. skin care and makeup. Geographically distant; prestige market seemingly offering higher potential. Market potentialPopulation of 1.3bn; potentially with rising incomes. Considered â€Å"home of cosmetics† and important to gain strong foothold in global beauty business industry. Largest personal care market in size; $33bn. -Which market makes most sense for cosmetic company from Korea/how do you select which market to go into? CulturalAdministrativeGeographicEconomic Close cultural ties involving i) script – The Korean alphabet (Hangeul) not developed until 1392 ii) Colonial rule – China ruled North Korea from 108 B.C. to 313 A.D.; iii) Similarities in values and traditions – Chinese herbal medicines used in South Korea iv)Religion – Confucianism and Buddhism are common religious and moral systems v)differences in concepts of beauty and levels of personal hygiene vi)varying importance, usage and importance of personal care products vii)Home bias: preference for using local brands viii)influence of traditions on personal care products No cultural associations with France or USA; distinctly separate culture, values and traditions across both continents from that of Koreai) No shared monetary or political association ii) Little political hostility (China backing North Korea; South Koreans moving toward reconciliation with North Korea iii) Democracy (South Korea) versus Communism (China) iv) High government involvement in Chinese industry; presence of state-owned enterprises, many of which are inefficient and/or insolvent Relatively less government involvement in South Korean industry v)Both countries harbor distrust of Japan (recent colonial memories) vi)potential discrimination against French products No administrative ties with France or USA; disadvantage of not being part of EUCommon border; in the 19th century, South Korea closed all borders to trade except for the one with China Strong logistic set-up coupled with infrastructural investment involving production, distribution and marketing. Differences in climate affecting usage, need and type of personal care productsDisparity in disposable income levels Gap in % of wages spent on personal care Differences in infrastructure and distribution structures The second part of the question should be analyzed using the ADDING value framework Adding Volume Fulfillment of the 2015 vision required global expansion with significant growth from the international markets. †¢In 2004, Amore Pacific had international sales worth $100mn. Coming from France, China and USA and modestly from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Geographic affinity to China coupled with close cultural ties and similar distribution scenario vs. greater investment in R&D, brand development and marketing strategy in USA †¢The value of growth had to pass the ROI test with business earning positive economic results coupled with greatest market potential. Decreasing Costs ï  ¬Global expansion can decrease costs through either size (scale/scope) economies or absolute economies. ï  ¬Size-based cost economies seem redundant in this industry: product/ brand affiliations center more around brand benefit, loyalty and credibility; expenditures on product development and branding are constant ï  ¬Similarities in opportunities across both countries includes ï  ¬Set-up of specialty stores prolific in both countries; ROI  seemingly better in USA since target market is upper SEC ï  ¬Retail expansion leading to price affordability of products Differentiating/Driving up Willingness to Pay USA market focused on prestige product line; Brand-building with new product line containing Asian botanicals in USA Amore Pacific beauty gallery and Spa in Soho New York adding imagery Special ingredient â€Å"green tea extract† adding to exclusive image Chinese consumer more product driven; ï‚ Growing popularity of Korean culture; â€Å"Hallyu† with support from Korean film stars and celebrities ï‚ image creation and brand building through beauty centers, culture halls, and â€Å"Hyangjang† the magazine published by Amore Pacific. Improving Industry Attractivenessï  ¬Entering new territories with market relevant products; perfumes in France, luxury products in USA. ï  ¬Constant innovation to meet continuous demands of consumers ï  ¬Lucrative market – excellent future prospects; growth expected to exceed increase in global GDP ï  ¬Evidence of product improvements trickling down into the â€Å"masstige† market ï  ¬New trade and distribution channels enabling wider access to consumers Neutralizing Risk†¢Frequent economic crisis on the home front leading to inflexibility of investment abroad †¢Differing strategies and product lines across international markets †¢Differing consumer tastes requiring further investme nt and R&D; short lived span for perfumes vs. longer spans for skin care products. Generating and Upgrading Knowledge/Capabilities/ Other Resourcesï  ¬Constant R&D both at the technical and consumer front ï  ¬International aspiration: multinational management, international consultants, product development and brand / corporate image repositioning 4)What other recommendations would you make to Suh Kyung-Bae about AmorePacific’s internationalization? Product innovationSpecialty ingredients like green tea’s proven success along with Korean herbal/ medicinal heritage; focus for future product  developments Distribution structureSpecialty and discount stores gaining importance for masstige channel; large scale supermarkets and hyper markets also increasing in importance to gain masstige market appeal. Party plans involving product demonstrations/sales to groups of consumers to be explored as a future alternative Building brands and credibilityContinue brand / image building efforts in both upscale and mass markets Inorganic growthEvaluate acquiring smaller/ financially distressed players in both key and upcoming markets like Hong Kong and Taiwan. Can we give reference to some academic theories here, based on issues of internationalization strategy?

The Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus Health And Social Care Essay

This was a instance control survey, which was conducted at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Hospital, Puducherry, a rural Tertiary attention infirmary with an one-year volume of above 1,00,000 patients over one twelvemonth period. The Institutional Medical Ethics Committee approved this survey. From January 2011 until April 2012 we enrolled patients between the ages of 14 and 86 old ages of age. 100 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy not diabetic controls without any urinary ailments viz dysuria, frequence, urgency, strangury, tenesimus, nocturia, nocturnal urinary incontinence, prostatism, incontinency, urethral hurting, vesica hurting, nephritic gripes, prostate hurting, and who attended Mahatma Gandhi Medical College between August 2010 to July 2012 were enrolled for this survey. These patients did non hold any old vesica catheterisation, instrumentality of urogenital piece of land or old urogenital surgery. WHO criteria was applied to name diabetes mellitus.WHO criteria for naming diabetes mellitus.Methods and standards for naming diabetes mellitus1. Diabetess symptoms ( ie polyuria, polydipsia and unexplained weight loss ) plus a random venous plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 11.1 mmol/lora fasting plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 7.0 mmol/l ( whole blood & A ; gt ; 6.1mmol/l )ortwo hr plasma glucose concentration & A ; gt ; 11.1 mmol/l two hours after 75g anhydrous glucose in an unwritten glucose tolerance trial ( OGTT ) . 2. without symptoms diagnosing of DM should non be based on a individual glucose trial but requires collateral plasma venous finding. At least two glucose trials result on a another twenty-four hours with a value within the diabetic scope is indispensable. It can be either fasting, random sample or the two hr station glucose trial. If the fasting glucose or random glucose values are non diagnostic of DM so the two hr value should be used.MethodDuring initial visit relevant facts were elicited from patients sing history, age, continuance of diabetes, absence of urinary symptoms. H/O old catheterisation, instrumentality and surgery of urogenital piece of land. With respect to female patients, their catamenial history, H/O white discharge. H/O pruritus vulva were elicited. Then elaborate scrutiny of patients carried out peculiarly with respect to complications of diabetes. In male patients, per rectal scrutiny was carried out to govern out prostate expansion routinely. In female patients elaborate gynecological scrutiny carried out to govern out any gynecological jobs, cystocele etc. After these preliminary scrutinies, patients non suiting into choice standards were omitted, and 100 diabetes mellitus patients, and 50 non diabetic control were proceeded to following phase of survey. During subsequent visits, patients and command group random blood sugar degrees, blood carbamide, serum creatinine trials were done. On the same twenty-four hours patients urine samples were collected for civilization and microscopic scrutiny. In female patients urine civilization sample were collected during their non-menstural periods.METHODS OF URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTIONClean gimmick mid watercourse urine aggregation method was adopted. Patients were explained about the methods of roll uping clean gimmick midstream piss and aged female patients were provided with nursing helpers for cleaning the external genital organ. Urine was collected in a unfertile wide-mouthed prison guard cap bottle for civilization intent and microscopic scrutiny. Two back-to-back urine specimens were obtained, and refrigerated instantly, because it was non possible to plate all the samples of urine instantly. One civilization of a clean-voide specimen of midstream piss from an person without symptoms of a UTI with at least 105 cfu/ml of the same individual bacterial species was considered equal to name ASB [ 30 ] . The ground to civilization a 2nd clip is to know apart between true bacteriuria and taint. In most surveies, merely the positive civilizations are repeated to name [ 30 ] .Quantitative CULTURE OF URINEUrine was cultured quantitatively by graduated cringle technique. The civilization home bases were read at the terminal of 24 hours and no. of settlements counted in positive civilizations. If there was no growing the civilization home bases were reincubated for another 24 hours and figure of settlements calculated if growing was noted.ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTSThese were done utilizing the standard sums of ( nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, co-trimaxazole,3rd coevals Mefoxins, fluroquinolones, ? lactams and nalidixic acid in all civilization positive instances ) and study obtained at the terminal of 48 hours. It was non possible to gauge HbA1C in all the patients in our set-up. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and controls. We excluded all patients who had factors favoring exclusion standards and included patients who satisfied inclusion standards.Data CollectionAll information was entered into a Data Collection Proforma Sheet ( Appendix 1 ) and were entered into Excel ( MS Excel 2011 ) . The Sheet had a ocular map for taging and divided into indicants for both genders. Other biographical inside informations were besides collected including day of the month of birth, weight and tallness.Statistical MethodsStatistical analysis was carried out utilizing SPSS version 19.0 ( IBM SPSS, US ) package with Regression Modules installed. Statistical methods such as odds ratio and chisquare trials were applied to happen the significance between different variables. ASB Case control Positive 42 [ a ] 3 [ B ] negative 58 [ degree Celsiuss ] 47 [ vitamin D ]Oddss ratio:ad/bc = 42Ãâ€"47/58Ãâ€"3 = 11.34 Diabetic patients have 11.34 times the hazard to develop symptomless bacteruria than a non diabetic person.Chisquare:X2 = ? ( o-e ) 2 vitamin E df = 1 X2 = 20.564 P =DiscussionIn this survey an effort was made to find the incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients with comparing to non diabetic control group, common organisms doing infection and their antibiotic sensitiveness. On reexamining the literature the undermentioned surveies conducted in similar mode to the present survey noted.WriterYearSexual activityPrevalence Rate %Veljlasgaard 1966 Both 9.3 1986 Both 6.3 Schmitt 1986 F 9.1 Keane 1988 F 3.5 Fold addition Kelestimor 1990 F Meter 31.3 17.4 Zhanel 1955 F Meter 3 fold rise Equal to non diabetic male Zhanel 1955 F 7.9 Kayima 1996 F Meter 28 16 Balasoiu 1997 Meter F 16 32 Very few surveies of this type were carried out in our state. As noted above, most of surveies were conducted merely in female type II diabetes patients. Prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria in female diabetes patients varies from 7.9 % to 32 % . Relatively in the present survey the incidence of asymtomatic bacteriuria in female Type II patients is 35.38 % . Merely few surveies were conducted in male Type II patients. Most of the surveies showed the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria as equal to non-diabetic work forces. But in the present survey incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in male Type II is 20 % compared to 0 % incidence in non-diabetic control. A survey conducted in Type II patients of both sexes showed the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria as 9.3 % . In the present survey the incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in Type II patients is 26.66 % ( Male 20 % ; Female 40 % ) . In the present survey incidence of symptomless bacteriuria in both female and male diabetic patients are high when compared with non diabetic control group ( 36 % and 20 % and 0 % ) Both Type II ( insulin ) and Type II ( OHA ) patients are every bit affected ( 26.66 % and 28.33 % ) . Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of female patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 40.00 % Percentage of male patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 35.00 % Percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin with positive civilization – 26.66 % . Percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus on OHA with positive civilization – 28.00 % Percentage of male patients with positive civilization – 20.00 % Percentage of female patients with positive civilization – 36.00 % In control group no. of male patient with positive civilization – 0 In control group no. of female patient with positive civilization – 3 Percentage – 12.00 % Many surveies have found that the commonest being doing symptomless bacteriuria is E. coli 40 % , and gram negative B made up 66.7 % of the isolates. Relatively in the present survey, the common being is E.coli ( 57.14 % ) . Other beings isolated include Klebsiella ( 33.33 % ) Enterococci ( 4.76 % ) , Proteus ( 2.38 % ) , acinetobacter ( 2.38 % ) . Bacteriuria appears to hold no relation to increasing age. In the present survey symptomless bacteriuria occurred in all age groups. About 55 % of civilization positive causes are in the age group of 41-60 old ages. Bacteruria is common among aged life in non- instituitional community scenes, particularly among adult females, although non every bit common as among the aged in institutional scenes [ 16 ] . The feeling that true bacteruria in the diabetic is chiefly confined to aged diabetic adult females. Furthermore, the prevalence of bacteriuria among them was significantly greater than that of aged non diabetic females [ 22 ] . Contaminated piss is defined as the presence of at least 3 different micro-organisms in 1 urine specimen. [ 4 ] The prevalence of ASB is increased in adult females with diabetes [ 26 % vs 6 % ] and might be added to the list of diabetic complications in adult females [ 4 ] . Longer the continuance of diabetes with the presence of complications apparently increases the hazard of ASB in type 1 diabetic adult females [ 4 ] . The rate of ASB is non influenced by quality of diabetic control [ glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose degree ] or nephritic map [ 40 ] . Longer continuance of diabetes, but non glucose control, is associated with bacteriuria prevalence. A statistically important longer diabetes continuance was found for diabetic topics with bacteriuria than without. Prevalence of bacteriuria additions 1.9 – crease times in every 10 old ages continuance of diabetes. However, there was no association between long – term glucose control, as reflected by glycosylated hemoglobin degree, and bacteriuria prevalence [ 34 ] . Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common, particularly in functionally impaired aged patients with multiple medical morbidities. If symptoms or marks of infections are absent testing with everyday dipstick and subsequent antimicrobic intervention is neither recommended. Early acknowledgment and direction of assorted hazard factors of ASB is really of import to potentially cut down its happening [ 6 ] . Sing all results there is no benefit of testing for and intervention of bacteriuria [ 7 ] . It is hard to turn out that ASB is more frequent among adult females with diabetes than among those without diabetes [ 8,12 ] . Prevalence of ASB is about three times higher in patients with diabetes when compared with the control subjects [ 11 ] . Prevalence of bacteriuria was 4.4 times higher among diabetic than non diabetic topics [ 23 ] . The prevalence of ASB among patients with diabetes is higher than in an seemingly healthy group [ 24 ] . The prevalence of bacteriuria in diabetic adult females is 7 % to 13 % , approximately three times higher than not diabetic adult females [ 28 ] . ASB is improbable to be a effect of hapless control of diabetes [ 11 ] . Damage of metabolic control of diabetes as revealed by an addition in HbA1c degree increases the hazard of developing ASB [ 8 ] . Duration of diabetes, high HbA1c degree, glucosuria and pyuria are risk factors for ASB in patients with type 2 diabetes. E.coli and K.pneumoniae are the most often stray bacteriums in diabetes patients with ASB. Routine urine civilization might be recommended in diabetic patients who show no urinary symptoms but who have one or more of the hazard factors mentioned [ 42 ] . The prevalence of ASB and leukocyturia ( & A ; gt ; 5 cells / high power field ) was higher in kids and immature grownups with diabetes than those of control topics and the spectrum of bacteriums in ASB was different from the usual spectrum of UTI. There was a inclination in the diminution in nephritic map in type 1 diabetic adult females who had ASB [ 44 ] . Asymptomatic urinary infection can non with certainty be correlated with increasing continuance of diabetes. The prevalence rate of symptomless bacteriuria increased with longer continuance of diabetes. In the present survey 30 % of positive civilization instances had diabetes for 1-3yrs continuance. Another 24 % instances had diabetes for 5 to 10 year. continuance. Even 33.33 % of freshly detected diabetes patients had positive urine civilization. Any patient with diabetes can hold symptomless bacteriuria irrespective of their continuance of disease. The prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria is non affected by steps of glucose control. In the present survey 40 % civilization positive instances had random blood sugar value in the scope of 201 to 250 milligram % . Another 24 % had in the scope of 151 to 200 % . 15 % patients had in the scope of 251 to 300 % . The determination that quality of diabetic control does non impact the prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria is confirmed. The prevalence of symptomless bacteriuria additions as diabetic retinopathy becomes more terrible [ 33 ] , 2 instances of diabetic retinopathy are civilization positive in the present survey. Of the 6 patients with diabetic nephropathy 4 instances are civilization positive. A instances of diabetic pes in present survey non had any urinary piece of land infection. Of the 4 instances with ischaemic bosom disease, 2 instances are civilization positive. Certain surveies found that isolates were ill sensitive to on a regular basis available antibiotics – Achromycins ( 33 % sensitive ) , cotrimaxazole ( 33 % sensitive ) . Other disinfectants with over 80 % sensitiveness degree included aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, 3rd coevals cepholosporins and fluroquinolones. All the beings that are grown in civilization in the present survey are immune to normally used antibiotics like Achromycins, cotrimaxazole, and nalidixic acid. Almost all isolates are sensitive to quinolone group of drugs. Some are sensitive to aminoglycosides. Most of them were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Some of them were even immune to nitrofurantoin and 3rd coevals Mefoxins. Some of them were merely sensitive to drawn-out spectrum ?-lactam antibiotic. No benefit was idenitified in continued showing and intervention of symptomless bacteriuria. Antimicrobial therapy cleared bacteriuria in the short term, but did non diminish the Numberss of diagnostic episodes and hospitalizations during long term follow up, and the high rate of recurrent bacteriuria led to markedly increased usage of antimicrobic agents. Increasing antimicrobic opposition is a major concern [ 13 ] . Antimicrobial direction of urinary piece of land infection in diabetic adult females should concentrate on the prompt designation and effectual intervention of diagnostic episodes [ 13 ] . Isolated E.coli strains were immune at similar rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxozole, Cipro and Macrodantin in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Hence diabetes mellitus could non considered per se a hazard factor for the outgrowth of a non E.coli being and for antibiotic opposition [ 43 ] . Diabetes has a considerable public wellness impact on the hazard for and forecast of enterobacterial bacteriemia acquired in the community [ 45 ] . Screening for or intervention for ASB is non indicated in adult females with diabetes and intervention with antibiotics did non detain nor diminish the frequence of diagnostic UTI untill 3years of follow up [ 10 ] . The clinical significance and direction of ASB differs harmonizing to different groups of patients as listed below [ 36 ]Indications for the intervention of patients with symptomless bacteriuriaDefinitive Possible Not indicated Pregnancy Diabetess mellitus elderly Before an invasive GU process Short- term Indwelling catheterisation Intermittent catheterisation School misss and premenopausal adult females Children with reflux Renal graft Long term indwelling catheter Patients with unnatural urinary piece of land In most of the old surveies E.coli was the most prevailing micro-organism and klebsiella the 2nd most common [ 12 ] . Analyzing the diabetic adult females with ASB showed that diverse E.coli strains are capable to be colonized in piss. Perennial infections were common chiefly after handling ASB most often with a new E.coli strain [ 14 ] . In patients who had frequent E.coli causation ASB, repeated intervention did non decide the vesica infection [ 14 ] . When compared to non diabetics ASB is more prevailing among females with type 2 diabetics in Sagamu, Nigeria [ 35 ] . Womans with ASB had a significantly higher opportunity of developing a diagnostic UTI than not bacteriuric adult females [ 41 ] There is an increased susceptibleness to urinary piece of land infections in female diabetics above the age of 50, and diabetes likely in association with ripening, accentuates factors which allow the constitution of infection in non diabetic individuals instead than specially predisposing the kidney to infection [ 37 ] . Guidelines published by the IDSA in 2005 province that there is no mensurable benefit in testing or handling ASB in the undermentioned patients: diabetic patients, premenopausal adult females who are non pregnant, older patients populating in the community and in the long term attention installations, and with spinal cord hurt patients or patients with indwelling vesica catheters [ 31 ] . Screening and handling is appropriate for adult females during gestation and for patients who have a positive urine civilization consequence prior to surgical use of the urinary piece of land to avoid precipitating sepsis [ 31 ] . In the past diabetes mellitus was regarded as a status in which ASB predisposed to renal papillose mortification and nephritic inadequacy but recent retrospective and prospective surveies indicate that does non transport a nephritic hazard. Therefore the possible benefit from antibacterial intervention of ASB is dubious. However we emphasize that one time diagnostic urinary piece of land infection is present, it tends to run a more aggressive clinical class in the diabetic patient [ 40 ] . From all the surveies, past attacks to direction differed between U.S and European doctors. In the U.S. , intervention of bacteriuria was recommended whereas in Europe, bacteriuria is non treated. Even if diabetic adult females with symptomless bacteriuria are at hazard for diagnostic urinary infection, the overall cost benefit of testing and handling big Numberss of symptomless diabetic adult females at frequent intervals was in the demand to be evaluated. The inquiries were complex and broad -ranging. There was a demand to construct the current clinical observations and prevalence studies to make a foundation of cognition that is sufficient for developing rational and appropriate attack for caring for diabetic patient who has a urinary infection [ 3 ] . Long term follow up surveies will demo whether ASB becomes diagnostic and affects nephritic map in diabetic patients and whether intervention of ASB is warranted [ 4 ] . Recently [ IDSA ] Infectitious Disease Society of America came out with a guidelines in the twelvemonth 2005 for diabetic adult females follows asDiabetic WomansMany prospective and cohort surveies done in diabetic adult females for ASB which was followed up for 18 months to 14years of showed no differences in rates of occurence diagnostic urinary infection, patterned advance to diabetic complications.There was no hold, lessening in urinary infections nor the no of hospitalizations in persons with bacteriuria after 3 old ages of follow up was clearly proved by a randomized, controlled test for bacteriuria reported after a upper limit of 3 old ages of follow-up. There was no acceleration or patterned advance of diabetic complications like nephropathy etc. , in bacteriuric patients who did non have antimicrobic therapy. However, diabetic adult females who received antimicrobic therapy had significantly more inauspicious antimicrobic effects. Thus continued testing and handling symptoml ess bacteriuria in diabetic adult females ne'er showed any benefits and there was even grounds of some injury due antibiotic use.Recommendatio:Screening and intervention of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetic adult females is non indicated ( A-I ) . The guidelines besides mention that antimicrobic therapy is frequently unsuccessful in eliminating the micro-organisms and may, in fact, consequence in occurence of immune micro-organisms, such as drawn-out spectrum ?-lactamase immune bacteriums, vancomycin – immune enterococci, and other multidrug-resistant bacteriums. In add-on, intervention of patients will subject them to the hazard of an allergic reaction, diarrhea, and other inauspicious reactions ensuing from usage of the antimicrobic drug. Finally, clostridia difficile infection may develop, because the intestine vegetation is altered when handling ASB [ 31 ] . Endothelial disfunction, oxidative emphasis, and the increased formation of advanced terminal merchandises, lower urinary cytokine concentration and hence decreased urinary leucocyte Numberss compared with nondiabetic adult females may play a function in the development of diabetic complications [ 4 ] . Defective polymorphonuclear leucocyte maps [ opsonization, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing ] are possible conducive factors. Changes of bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells, partially explained by alterations of the chemical science and concentration of Tamm-Horsfall protein besides promote urinary – piece of land infection [ 24 ] . The vesica disfunction due to diabetic neuropathy taking to impaired vesica elimination could play a function in the prevalence of ASB among adult females with diabetes and in the natural history of UTI [ 8,28 ] . Clinical tests covering with the intervention of symptomless bacteriuria in diabetes are limited. The undermentioned decisions can be made from these tests. Frequent reinfections occur instead than backslidings. Long term suppressive therapy is effectual, nevertheless when discontinued, perennial infections occur comparatively quickly. Few patients sustain a permanent remittal from bacteriuria. Trying obliteration of bacteriuria in patients with anatomic abnormalcies may be ineffectual. Therefore, there are no benefits in continued showing and handling diabetic persons with symptomless bacteriuria and as there is possibility of some injury with antibiotic overusage.Restrictions:In this survey we could'nt step HbA1c for all the patients as it was non executable and so could'nt assess the relationship between glucose degrees and symptomless bacteriuria. We besides have no thought whether there would be any opportunity of development of complications in the persons diagnosed with symptomless bacteriuria as this is non a follow up survey. Hence measuring of HbA1c degrees and a follow up of these civilization positive patients would give a better apprehension in the relationship between glucose degrees and asmptomatic bacteriuria and the presence or absence of complications in civilization positive patients.SummaryThere is a high incidence of symptomless bacteruria in diabetes patients, chiefly in females than males in this survey. Therefore, there are 2 subjects to inquiry, whether symptomless bacteriuria is associated with inauspicious results. ? , whether the intercessions of showing and antimicrobic intervention better these results? The inquiries whether they develop complications or non and whether antibiotic therapy is needed or non necessitate to be assessed by farther follow up surveies. However latest guidelines suggest that antimicrobic therapy did non detain nor diminish the frequence of diagnostic urinary infection, nor did it diminish the figure of hospitalizations due to urinary infections nor it prevented the acceleration of patterned advance of diabetic complications, therefore periodic proving for symptomless bacteriuria is non recommended for individuals with diabetes mellitus.DecisionBased on the consequences and the methodological analysis employed, we have concluded that: High incidence of symptomless bacteriuria has been observed in both diabetic males and females. High incidence of symptomless bacteriuria occur in both diabetes mellitus on insulin and unwritten hypoglycaemic agents. Causative beings in diabetic and non diabetic symptomless bacteriuria are similar. E.coli is the commonest being. Most of the symptomless bacteriuria instances occurred in the age group of 41 to 60 old ages. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occur inspite of good glycemic control. . Preventive steps for diabetic patients include increased surveillance and turning away of well-known hazard factors for urinary piece of land infections. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can be present even in freshly diagnosed diabetic patients. Most of the being are sensitive to nitrofurantoin. Some are sensitive to aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones. Some beings are merely sensitive to drawn-out spectrum ?-lactam antibiotics. Periodic proving for symptomless bacteriuria is non recommended for individuals with diabetes mellitus as per latest guidelines.AbstractionAim: To analyze the incidence of symptomless bacteruria between diabetics and non diabetics, the common beings and their antibiotic sensitiveness Methods: A sum of 100 diabetic patients and 50 non diabetic controls without any history of urinary piece of land infection and catheterization was enrolled in this survey Consequences: The incidence of ASB was 39 in diabetic and 3 in control with the significance of P & A ; lt ; 0.001. Diabetic patients have 11.34 times higher hazard in developing symptomless bacteriuria than non diabetics. Decision: The incidence of ASB is significantly increased in diabetic patients as compared to non diabetic controls.A larger survey with a longer follow-up is needed to turn to the issue of handling such patients who are symptomless