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A review is primarily for the benefit of the editor, to help them reach a call about whether to publish or not, but I attempt to make my evaluations useful for the authors as well. I at all times write my critiques as though I am speaking to the scientists in particular person. I try exhausting to avoid impolite or disparaging remarks. The review course of is brutal enough scientifically without reviewers making it worse. The primary aspects I think about are the novelty of the article and its influence on the field. I always ask myself what makes this paper related and what new advance or contribution the paper represents. I at all times comment on the form of the paper, highlighting whether it's properly written, has right grammar, and follows a correct construction. When you ship criticism, your feedback ought to be sincere but at all times respectful and accompanied with suggestions to improve the manuscript. 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My evaluations tend to take the type of a summary of the arguments in the paper, adopted by a summary of my reactions and then a collection of the specific points that I needed to lift. Mostly, I am making an attempt to identify the authors’ claims within the paper that I did not find convincing and guide them to ways that these factors may be strengthened . If I find the paper especially attention-grabbing , I tend to offer a extra detailed evaluation as a result of I want to encourage the authors to develop the paper . My tone is considered one of trying to be constructive and helpful although, in fact, the authors won't agree with that characterization. My review begins with a paragraph summarizing the paper. Then I actually have bullet factors for main feedback and for minor feedback. Minor feedback might embrace flagging the mislabeling of a figure in the textual content or a misspelling that changes the meaning of a common time period. Overall, I try to make comments that might make the paper stronger. This varies widely, from a couple of minutes if there's clearly a significant downside with the paper to half a day if the paper is really attention-grabbing however there are features that I don't perceive. If the research introduced in the paper has serious flaws, I am inclined to suggest rejection, until the shortcoming could be remedied with a reasonable amount of revising. The incontrovertible fact that only 5% of a journal’s readers may ever look at a paper, for example, can’t be used as criteria for rejection, if in reality it is a seminal paper that can impression that area. And we by no means know what findings will quantity to in a few years; many breakthrough studies were not acknowledged as such for a few years. Then I follow a routine that may help me evaluate this. First, I verify the authors’ publication information in PubMed to get a feel for his or her expertise in the field. I also think about whether or not the article contains a great Introduction and description of the cutting-edge, as that not directly shows whether the authors have an excellent information of the sphere. Second, I take note of the results and whether they have been compared with other similar printed studies. Third, I contemplate whether the results or the proposed methodology have some potential broader applicability or relevance, as a result of in my opinion that is essential.

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Ten Simple Rules For Structuring Papers

Ten Simple Rules For Structuring Papers You ought to provide your factors and help your major idea. Afterwards, you have to write an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. These are the principle components of your paper so allow us to provide you with some details on how to do it right. The title is essential if you wish to make an excellent impression in your readers because it’s the very first thing that they see. It varieties their view on what precisely they need to expect in your paper. You should begin reading the final sentence, then check the second to the last one and proceed doing it till you get to your first sentence. Start every body paragraph with a subject sentence and supply arguments and related proof to assist it. As a author, I knowI’m nice at…arising with attention-grabbing concepts, articulating my ideas clearly, and utilizing good grammar. In this paper, I will reveal my understanding of a linguistic concept I realized this semester and the way it relates to my area of research. I will demonstrate this information by staying organized, using related research, and sticking to my thesis statement. Make a list of three strengths and weaknesses you have as a author. Be mindful of the pitfalls and assured about your high factors. Over the years, we have written and edited thousands of admission essays and personal statements for college students making use of to educational institutions all over the globe. The Pro-Papers staff consists of young professionals with a constructive life attitude and a dedication to helping students achieve their academic goals in the easiest ways possible. You might want to re-learn your paper several occasions. A good strategy is to read your paper backwards. In this way, you will feel somewhat disoriented and will be able to catch extra mistakes. You’re making an attempt to ace this paper, which implies you have to perform a little extra and move past the issues that all college students can do into issues that distinctive students do. Teachers who don't embrace expertise in their lessons threat dropping college students to educational boredom, not to point out that they are going to be perceived by their students as tedious and irrelevant. This is as a result of know-how and sociability aren’t extracurricularâ€"college students’ lives are more and more expertise oriented and social in nature in ways in which weren’t around years ago. The worth might be calculated relying on the variety of pages, deadline, kind of paper, and academic degree. You are welcome to use the value calculator on our web page or contact the Support Team to get an estimate. Ernest Hemingway famously mentioned that “the hardest half about writing is getting your ass in the chair.” And he’s absolutely right. If you'll be able to sit down to write down, you’ve got 90% of the work behind you already. On high of that, papers typically make up a big portion of a student’s total grade in any class, which makes them even greater threat ventures. grades on papers that would otherwise have been easy A’s. Circle those that are most specific and uses them in your paper. It can be straightforward to fixate on the timber on the expense of seeing the entire forest, so make sure to keep in mind that what you’re doing is adding to your overall profession. If the paper is good, you should use it as a writing sample or attempt to publish it, which is able to build your résumé. Resist the impulse to think of the paper as a hurdle. You should write as many physique paragraphs as you've the important thing factors. Your define will help you to finish this a part of your paper. But you shouldn’t suppose that you must strictly follow it. It could evolve and you are free to revise it and make adjustments. The key factor is to remain on your track and focus in your thesis. For this step-by-step tutorial of thesis examples, we’re going to break issues down for tremendous efficiency so you'll be able to create the backbone of the paper. Note that the ideas get more particular the further away they're from the middle topic. As properly, notice that they’re written as interrogativesâ€"questions stimulate thought.

How To Write A Check For a Thousand Dollars

How To Write A Check For a Thousand Dollars All these texts are distinctive and can be additional used with correct references only. It means your writer will have to focus all time and power on your project, giving up sleep and every thing else to get it done. It will cost you extra, however you should have it perfectly written. To answer this popular query, we asked one of our superior writers to share his experience with you. You can apply for a free revision inside per week after your order was approved. Indicate what feedback your teacher has regarding your paper, and your writer will make essential amendments to your assignment. You also can ask for an additional professional to make a revision of your paper. A research paper is a mixture of in-depth analysis of a topic and the masterful use of academic sources. Don't fear--you will not get lost in a sea of sources. If your assignment isn’t a run of the mill assignment, our writers aren’t afraid to think outside of the field a bit â€" in reality, they relish the problem. Placing your order with Academized is simple and quick to do. Academized can solely assure precisely what you'll get if you exchange a analysis paper for pay equity with us. Deposit funds into your EssayShark balance so that a author can work on your order. Start receiving proposals from our writers within minutes and chat with them live. This is the analysis course of, and it happens before you begin to put in writing your paper. No analysis, no research writing, so don’t shortchange this part of the process. A research paper is an expandedessaythat presents your personal interpretation or analysis or argument. When you write an essay, you use every thing that you personally know and have thought about a subject. We ought to confess that utilizing our service is the best choice if you wish to overlook about your writing tasks. EssayShark.com is the most important writing service to offer help with any writing assignment. They requested other writing companies, “write my paper for cheap,” but didn’t get first rate papers. They attempt to purchase papers from their classmates, but they're of poor high quality. Not all providers have our integrity, and many will issue you with sub-commonplace merchandise for over inflated prices. Don’t be fooled by the words low-cost or free â€" you get what you pay for, and these websites will over charge you additional down the line. When you write a research paper you construct upon what you know about the topic and make a deliberate attempt to search out out what specialists know. A analysis paper includes surveying a subject of knowledge in order to discover the very best info in that area. And that survey could be orderly and focused, if you know the way to strategy it. Submit a “write my research paper” request to obtain a prime-notch paper that may correspond to all the academic necessities of your faculty regarding your research. Lab reports are often written for natural and medical science courses. You have written research papers, but each time is like the primary time, and the first time was like a root canal. Here is a step-by-step strategy to beginning and completing a analysis paper. Any referencing fashion you want, including APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, CSE, Turabian, IEEE, and so forth. is on the market on your selecting. We ensure that all texts are double-checked and screened through plagiarism scanners to ensure that you all the time obtain completely unique educational papers. Add funds to your steadiness and the author will start working in your paper. Stay in touch with your writer as he/she works on your order. Receive a high-high quality paper from the author and launch the money. People who're busy and take an energetic part in social activities or hobbies. Any of these choices is time-consuming and ordering an academic paper is the one approach to preserve their grades at a excessive stage and keep away from expulsion. If you are curious about what formats and kinds our qualified writers use â€" know that they all the time follow the newest format tips.

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co One drawback analysis papers fall prey to just isn't giving examples to assist their arguments or for instance a technique. But I’ve already coated this sort of downside above with books. To me, this is like pointing at a lightly smoking toaster when next door there’s an eight sotry build up in flames. So, whereas I get why they chose what they did, it’s a disgrace that they needed to ignore lots of of papers that vividly, clearly illustrate the problems they’re describing. Ironically, I assume these omissions truly make it more durable for someone new to the sphere to get an intuitive sense for the issues they’re describing. I left teaching for a full time job within the corporate world. Then I realized at some point that I by no means entered academia to show. But I saw the writing on the wall and there was absolutely no assist at my college for the analysis I needed to do, let alone profession recommendation. When they make statements, they have examples of their mind. But aside from storytelling, I actually have never seen an absence of examples that caused confusion benefiting the work. In educational work, I consider that summary example-much less prose is acceptable may be one of many all time worst selections of the academy. I talked about this above in the “Research papers” section. the haughty “mm” with their self righteous tripe. btw MM, there is nothing outstanding about getting an article revealed- a system where your competitors is deciding if one does, or does not, get revealed, is easily corruptible. attempt promoting your writing in the real world as a substitute of scratching each others again to get ones article revealed. I take pleasure in educating literature however I am a mediocre to lousy researcher. The NeurIPS 2020 paper reviews were sent out last Friday, starting the creator response part. While many researchers are pondering the way to draft their rebuttals, others are decrying what they see as problematic or even “horrible” evaluations. It’s that time of yr, and controversies are once more swirling across the prestigious machine learning conference’s evaluate course of. I have journaled for a variety of years and have recently turn out to be a severe author as well. I started journaling fourteen years ago after I entered recovery for dependancy. I did not even know such horrible college students went to school. I also might have chosen to freelance unemployed, which I was significantly considering. Mostly, I’m just sad that after so much work, I can’t get a job doing analysis or educating or writing that I wish to do and that I know I could be damn good at. I thought I wrote a good dissertation until after I graduated and went back to revise it for paper publications. On high of that, my job as an adjunct was not paying sufficient . The scheme of recruiting reviewers from authors of submitted papers has resulted in 2400 out of 7800 reviewers also being submitting authors. Each paper is assigned to 3 reviewers and one area chair , with submitter-reviewers usually given low quotas of two or three papers. Daily Prompt â€" responding to a day by day prompt can give kids an excellent open-ended opportunity to put in writing about a new subject daily. has already been proven to be a particularly effective device for reaching all types of targets and improving the quality of life. However, you don’t essentially want to write down to cultivate gratitudeâ€"there are lots of methods to be more grateful. I even have focused thus far on the use of examples that cause work to be wonderful or damning. Many of us are conversant in tutorial writing that appears to be saying so much, but may equally be saying many different things. This is as a result of the writing is disadvantaged of examples. Professor Dietterich isn’t alone in calling for wholesale adjustments in this regard. According to the AI Index 2019 Report, the volume of AI papers printed in peer-reviewed journals showed a yr-on increase of more than 300 percent. Major AI conferences like NeurIPS, AAAI, and CVPR have been breaking paper submission records every year. This has led to various complaints concerning long delays, inconsistent standards, and unqualified reviewers within the peer review process. This 12 months witnessed a 38 percent improve in paper submissions for NeurIPS. I really actually hate sitting down and writing crap to publish in obscure journals. It’s a shame as a result of I will miss engagnig with brilliant students within the classroom. Is there anybody on the market who desires a decorated and dedicaded undergrad teacher with no interest in analysis (possibly a perfunctory article each few years to maintain up appearances?). I spent a 12 months educating as a visiting prof at a non-public school with a hundred% selectivity. I went graduate college so I can go work for an NGO or authorities. I misplaced that perception some point throughout graduate faculty. Unfortunately, NGOs and governments aren't hiring right now. I have been ABD for 4 years and I was suppose to complete this yr.

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co One drawback analysis papers fall prey to just isn't giving examples to assist their arguments or for instance a technique. But I’ve already coated this sort of downside above with books. To me, this is like pointing at a lightly smoking toaster when next door there’s an eight sotry build up in flames. So, whereas I get why they chose what they did, it’s a disgrace that they needed to ignore lots of of papers that vividly, clearly illustrate the problems they’re describing. Ironically, I assume these omissions truly make it more durable for someone new to the sphere to get an intuitive sense for the issues they’re describing. I left teaching for a full time job within the corporate world. Then I realized at some point that I by no means entered academia to show. But I saw the writing on the wall and there was absolutely no assist at my college for the analysis I needed to do, let alone profession recommendation. When they make statements, they have examples of their mind. But aside from storytelling, I actually have never seen an absence of examples that caused confusion benefiting the work. In educational work, I consider that summary example-much less prose is acceptable may be one of many all time worst selections of the academy. I talked about this above in the “Research papers” section. the haughty “mm” with their self righteous tripe. btw MM, there is nothing outstanding about getting an article revealed- a system where your competitors is deciding if one does, or does not, get revealed, is easily corruptible. attempt promoting your writing in the real world as a substitute of scratching each others again to get ones article revealed. I take pleasure in educating literature however I am a mediocre to lousy researcher. The NeurIPS 2020 paper reviews were sent out last Friday, starting the creator response part. While many researchers are pondering the way to draft their rebuttals, others are decrying what they see as problematic or even “horrible” evaluations. It’s that time of yr, and controversies are once more swirling across the prestigious machine learning conference’s evaluate course of. I have journaled for a variety of years and have recently turn out to be a severe author as well. I started journaling fourteen years ago after I entered recovery for dependancy. I did not even know such horrible college students went to school. I also might have chosen to freelance unemployed, which I was significantly considering. Mostly, I’m just sad that after so much work, I can’t get a job doing analysis or educating or writing that I wish to do and that I know I could be damn good at. I thought I wrote a good dissertation until after I graduated and went back to revise it for paper publications. On high of that, my job as an adjunct was not paying sufficient . The scheme of recruiting reviewers from authors of submitted papers has resulted in 2400 out of 7800 reviewers also being submitting authors. Each paper is assigned to 3 reviewers and one area chair , with submitter-reviewers usually given low quotas of two or three papers. Daily Prompt â€" responding to a day by day prompt can give kids an excellent open-ended opportunity to put in writing about a new subject daily. has already been proven to be a particularly effective device for reaching all types of targets and improving the quality of life. However, you don’t essentially want to write down to cultivate gratitudeâ€"there are lots of methods to be more grateful. I even have focused thus far on the use of examples that cause work to be wonderful or damning. Many of us are conversant in tutorial writing that appears to be saying so much, but may equally be saying many different things. This is as a result of the writing is disadvantaged of examples. Professor Dietterich isn’t alone in calling for wholesale adjustments in this regard. According to the AI Index 2019 Report, the volume of AI papers printed in peer-reviewed journals showed a yr-on increase of more than 300 percent. Major AI conferences like NeurIPS, AAAI, and CVPR have been breaking paper submission records every year. This has led to various complaints concerning long delays, inconsistent standards, and unqualified reviewers within the peer review process. This 12 months witnessed a 38 percent improve in paper submissions for NeurIPS. I really actually hate sitting down and writing crap to publish in obscure journals. It’s a shame as a result of I will miss engagnig with brilliant students within the classroom. Is there anybody on the market who desires a decorated and dedicaded undergrad teacher with no interest in analysis (possibly a perfunctory article each few years to maintain up appearances?). I spent a 12 months educating as a visiting prof at a non-public school with a hundred% selectivity. I went graduate college so I can go work for an NGO or authorities. I misplaced that perception some point throughout graduate faculty. Unfortunately, NGOs and governments aren't hiring right now. I have been ABD for 4 years and I was suppose to complete this yr.

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co

How To Efficiently Write A Research Paper With Your Collaborators And Co One drawback analysis papers fall prey to just isn't giving examples to assist their arguments or for instance a technique. But I’ve already coated this sort of downside above with books. To me, this is like pointing at a lightly smoking toaster when next door there’s an eight sotry build up in flames. So, whereas I get why they chose what they did, it’s a disgrace that they needed to ignore lots of of papers that vividly, clearly illustrate the problems they’re describing. Ironically, I assume these omissions truly make it more durable for someone new to the sphere to get an intuitive sense for the issues they’re describing. I left teaching for a full time job within the corporate world. Then I realized at some point that I by no means entered academia to show. But I saw the writing on the wall and there was absolutely no assist at my college for the analysis I needed to do, let alone profession recommendation. When they make statements, they have examples of their mind. But aside from storytelling, I actually have never seen an absence of examples that caused confusion benefiting the work. In educational work, I consider that summary example-much less prose is acceptable may be one of many all time worst selections of the academy. I talked about this above in the “Research papers” section. the haughty “mm” with their self righteous tripe. btw MM, there is nothing outstanding about getting an article revealed- a system where your competitors is deciding if one does, or does not, get revealed, is easily corruptible. attempt promoting your writing in the real world as a substitute of scratching each others again to get ones article revealed. I take pleasure in educating literature however I am a mediocre to lousy researcher. The NeurIPS 2020 paper reviews were sent out last Friday, starting the creator response part. While many researchers are pondering the way to draft their rebuttals, others are decrying what they see as problematic or even “horrible” evaluations. It’s that time of yr, and controversies are once more swirling across the prestigious machine learning conference’s evaluate course of. I have journaled for a variety of years and have recently turn out to be a severe author as well. I started journaling fourteen years ago after I entered recovery for dependancy. I did not even know such horrible college students went to school. I also might have chosen to freelance unemployed, which I was significantly considering. Mostly, I’m just sad that after so much work, I can’t get a job doing analysis or educating or writing that I wish to do and that I know I could be damn good at. I thought I wrote a good dissertation until after I graduated and went back to revise it for paper publications. On high of that, my job as an adjunct was not paying sufficient . The scheme of recruiting reviewers from authors of submitted papers has resulted in 2400 out of 7800 reviewers also being submitting authors. Each paper is assigned to 3 reviewers and one area chair , with submitter-reviewers usually given low quotas of two or three papers. Daily Prompt â€" responding to a day by day prompt can give kids an excellent open-ended opportunity to put in writing about a new subject daily. has already been proven to be a particularly effective device for reaching all types of targets and improving the quality of life. However, you don’t essentially want to write down to cultivate gratitudeâ€"there are lots of methods to be more grateful. I even have focused thus far on the use of examples that cause work to be wonderful or damning. Many of us are conversant in tutorial writing that appears to be saying so much, but may equally be saying many different things. This is as a result of the writing is disadvantaged of examples. Professor Dietterich isn’t alone in calling for wholesale adjustments in this regard. According to the AI Index 2019 Report, the volume of AI papers printed in peer-reviewed journals showed a yr-on increase of more than 300 percent. Major AI conferences like NeurIPS, AAAI, and CVPR have been breaking paper submission records every year. This has led to various complaints concerning long delays, inconsistent standards, and unqualified reviewers within the peer review process. This 12 months witnessed a 38 percent improve in paper submissions for NeurIPS. I really actually hate sitting down and writing crap to publish in obscure journals. It’s a shame as a result of I will miss engagnig with brilliant students within the classroom. Is there anybody on the market who desires a decorated and dedicaded undergrad teacher with no interest in analysis (possibly a perfunctory article each few years to maintain up appearances?). I spent a 12 months educating as a visiting prof at a non-public school with a hundred% selectivity. I went graduate college so I can go work for an NGO or authorities. I misplaced that perception some point throughout graduate faculty. Unfortunately, NGOs and governments aren't hiring right now. I have been ABD for 4 years and I was suppose to complete this yr.

Essay on Supply and Chain Management

Essay on Supply and Chain Management Supply and Chain Management of Apple Sep 13, 2019 in Management Introduction Supply chains have been a popular component of the international business for several decades. According to Boyer Verma (2010), supply chain management (SCM) refers to the management of the flow of products or services. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, the inventory of works-in-progress, and finished products from the point of manufacture to the point of consumption. From the management perspective, Dilger (2013) mentioned that there are always issues linked to the effective and efficient distribution of goods flowing across the supply chains. From the industrial perspective, there are certain questions concerning how the industry is organized with regard to ownership major manufacturers and their suppliers, and where these firms are located. Nations are also concerned about whether they can maintain and gain production, sales and research abilities required in making low-cost, high-quality or high tech products. In general, supply chains are of great significa nce and require strategic management. Apple Inc. is one of the global supply chain leaders. Current paper analyses the supply chain of the iPhone, which is Apples product. Selection and Management of Suppliers Apple Inc. has taken steps in managing the supply chain of iPhone, and the suppliers within it. Apple selects the suppliers of iPhone components based on the prices. The company aims at purchasing components, such as cameras, processors, interface sensors, fabrication assembly, radio frequency, and power management, at lower prices. The supplier power in the Smartphone industry is relatively low (Simpson 2013). As a result, Apple is capable of shopping for the best deals. Apple has established a formalized list of expectations for the suppliers and rapidly moved to exclusively agreeing with them in exchange for volume guarantees. Apple has also established relationships with suppliers of materials used in manufacturing iPhones. According to Simpson (2013), it has significantly assisted Apple in the scaling of operations to customer demands for iPhones. In collaboration with its supply chain partners, the company assisted in developing new manufacturing process of iPhones, some of whi ch the company has patented. Order now Live Chat Production Process The production and design of iPhone is a sophisticated process. Besides the senior executives who sign off on the final product, iPhone design is a compromise between the engineers, industrial design team, and the supply chain team. The industrial design team often designs the case of the iPhone, the materials used, and how it interacts with the customer. The engineers design the hardware and software aspects of the iPhone. Boyer Verma (2010) pointed out that there seems to be back-and-forth between the teams in order to ensure that electro-mechanical and mechanical parts work in harmony with the design. The team of engineers generates a bill of materials. The supply chain personnel come handy at this point. The team assesses the bill of materials and cost out the iPhone. In addition, the supply chain personnel offer input to develop the final design. The duration between the design and production of the iPhone takes essentially 10 months. Bringing the iPhone to the market takes a s ignificant portion of schedule. It comprises of sourcing the components, testing the iPhone, approving the iPhone, and piloting the dry runs in the factory, in order to ensure that the iPhones are produced in large numbers. Distribution Channels Boyer Verma (2010) pointed out that distribution channel is a significant component of a firms development, and has a considerable impact on the production and sales. The production of iPhone is extremely professional, specific and scientific. Due to this, manufacturers of high-tech products, such as iPhones, have to specify when it comes to the distribution channels. Before the formal unveiling of iPhones, Apple shipped the products to distribution centres around the world, including China, Australia, Singapore, Japan, the US, the UK and the Czech Republic. Initially, Apple wanted to regulate the entire distribution of iPhones by itself. Nevertheless, the company gradually began adding channel partners, such as Wal-Mart, ATT and Best Buy. The company has an advantageous chain of exclusive outlets that allow a direct approach to the consumers. According to Simpson (2013), Apple has reasonable amalgamation of distribution channels, including retail, stores, online stores, and tie ups with wholesalers. Generally, the most frequent methods used by Apple in distributing iPhones are agency and personal selling. The company uses personal selling since manufacturing firms can directly trade with the customers. As a result, the company is capable of offering all-round service, such as product organization, transport, research, preservation and technical support. As such, Apple can guarantee the effectiveness of the operation of the channel. Direct selling implies that there is a single point between the final user and the producer (Boyer Verma 2010). The personal selling approach is used abroad, though it is developing slowly in countries, such as China. In such regions, Apple used agency channel of distribution to distribute iPhones. The major advantage of agency channel of distribution is that it can cover a large number of users. iPhones End Consumers Apple targets a wide range of consumers of iPhones. Consumer reports have indicated that Apple targeted teenagers by introducing the iPhone Smartphone series. Teenagers use iPhones for several reasons, such as socializing with friends and listening to music. Another consumer group is the college and university students. Students use iPhones to record and organize notes (Dilger 2013). Corporate people also form a significant portion of iPhone consumers. iPhones have a business quality, which is extremely important. The iPhone is also very useful to adults for their daily needs, including phone calls, the Internet connections, map directions, cameras and documents. Having an iPhone makes lives much easier. Conclusion Current paper has analysed the supply chain of iPhones Smartphone series. Apple selects the suppliers of the components used in manufacturing iPhones based on the prices of these components. The bargaining of suppliers in the Smartphone industry is relatively low. The supply chain personnel offer input to develop the final design. The duration between the design and production of the iPhone takes essentially 10 months. The most frequent methods used by Apple in distributing iPhones are agency and personal selling. The end consumers of iPhones include teenagers, corporate people, adults and students.

The Discobolus And Michelangelos David - 1280 Words

The Discobolus, or â€Å"discus thrower† is one of the most iconic artworks of classical antiquity. Originally sculpted in bronze by an Athenian man called Myron (born in the fortress-city of Eleutherae in the 5th century BC), the statue’s many replications by the Romans illustrate its significance in helping spawn an enduring image and standard for physical idealism stretching beyond the culture that it originated from. The evolution of such ideal standards for the human body’s aesthetic are similarly conveyed in an equally significant achievement in classical sculpture, Michelangelos David. Both of these pieces capture their respective audiences’ ideas of exceptional beauty and shed light on their attitudes toward the appropriateness, and†¦show more content†¦The arc of the arms and shoulders prepared to launch the discus, and that of his abdomen bending to give strength to its motion are juxtaposed perfectly, so as to bring unshaken harmony to the thrower’s body, even in the middle of performing this physically taxing motion. As for the choice to depict the athlete as nude, this had to be expected for the era of the statue’s creation; ancient Greek society frequently employed the use of nudity in such depictions of physical activities, as a way of celebrating the potential of human body, as well as to serve as a model for younger (in this case, male) Greek citizens becoming men. Furthermore, it was common practice for Greek athletes to train in the nude, for less hindrance in the activity itself, but also so that your technique or muscle groups could be more finely critiqued and developed. In this way, Myron has captured the beauty of training the human body, and the potential for what commitment to honing one’s skills could bring. Such a standard to reach for provided a valuable motivation for young Greek men, and in tandem with the epics of Homer three centuries prior to the statue’s creation , the Discus Thrower served to inspire many generations of glory-hungry Greeks eager to meet the peak of their potential through conditioning. For all they knew, any one of them might be the next to be immortalized in marble. Just

Police Brutality - 1263 Words

Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There have been several shocking incidents in the United States and the rest of the world which left the public in shook. The public has many different views of the police, but the police are out to serve the public in a professional way twenty four†¦show more content†¦What we do know, from experts and police officers alike, is that the media portrayal of police brutality is often significantly different from reality (The Extent of Police Brutality Is Exaggerated).† When you are worki ng in the police world, things happen very quickly. The police academies around the nation teach their officers how to properly handle things when officers need to your force. There have been many times officers disobey the department’s rules and handle things incorrectly. When things don’t go properly that’s when you have a big chance of police brutality occurring. â€Å"In Houston in July 1998, Pedro Oregon was shot during a drug raid on his home. He was an unarmed Mexican national. The police officers were fired following protests from the Hispanic community (Police Brutality Is A Serious Problem).† Shootings occur frequently because the police suspect they have a weapon and feel they are in harm. As a police officer you want to protect your life along with the others you’re working with. â€Å"Many of the people allegedly kicked or beaten by police were not criminal suspects but people who had simply questioned police authority or had minor disagreements with officers, Amnesty International said in a 1996 report Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department. Nearly all the victims in the cases of deaths inShow MoreRelatedA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. 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On the night of March 2, 1991, a bystander named George Holiday, videotaped the moment when five officers used excess force on an African American man named Rodney King, beating him with batons as he strugg led on the ground. Also, it wasRead MorePolice Misconduct and Police Brutality985 Words   |  4 Pages We hear about police misconduct case and wonder, Why don’t they do anything to stop this? Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because theirRead MorePolice Brutality And Police Violence Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality and police militarization have become a hot topic in the United States of America. 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A Whole New Mind Free Essays

Pink has presented sharp scientific evidence in his book A Whole New Mind that comes as common knowledge to the majority of us in our society. He also stressed the several capabilities of right-brain thinking such as creativity, artistry, empathy, inventiveness, and overall big picture viewpoints. I noticed that Pink failed to mention any historical aspects before the 1900’s. We will write a custom essay sample on A Whole New Mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example; during the European Renaissance numerous right-brain thinking characters sprouted with many ideas for the world. These characters include painters, sculptors, inventors, musicians, and writers all across Europe. We all know, however, that the European Renaissance came and went. What will this new Conceptual Age produce differently than the faded right-dominance of the European Renaissance years? Looking back in time between the years of 1400-1550 the geniuses of this world contributed to the life we live in now. I only say this because if they weren’t important to our society today than we wouldn’t have had to learn about them during our high school years or even our college years. A brilliant inventor, painter, musician, and mathemation Leonardo da Vinci is one man who seems to have a great grasp of life in all his talents. He along with many other philosophers of that era seemed to fit the description of what I feel Pink suggests we should obtain throughout our lives to be successful and to lead our life in a way to help not only our generation but for the generations after ours as well. As we have studied in countless texts in high school about the several factors for the downfall of the European Renaissance and the complications after that time we should feel troubled to once again attempt to shift our minds. Right-brain thinking is an aged solution. Pink’s proposal is one we have already gone through but is introduced in a business-like manner unlike the European Renaissance. How are we supposed to know that the Conceptual Age will not increase the desire to create machines that will replace the art industry, so that beauty can be drawn in an instant? I think that Pink’s transition solution from the Information Age to the Conceptual Age should be revised to explain more of what he has missed in his book that had me puzzled. How to cite A Whole New Mind, Essay examples

This Is A Report For History On The Country Colombia Essays

This is a report for History on the country "Colombia" The Republic of Colombia The Republic of Colombia is the fourth largest country in South America. It is located at the north-western tip of the continent. Its neighbors are Brazil and Venezuela to the east, Panama to the north-west, and Ecuador and Peru to the south. Colombia is the only South American country that's coast is on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. There are eight islands under Colombian rule, and they are San Andres, Providencia, San Bernado, Islas del Rosario, Isla Fuerte, Gorgona, Gorgonilla, and Malpelo. Colombia's terrain is about 45% mountainous. The major mountain chain is the Andes, which is the longest and second highest mountain chain in the world. The are three mountain ranges in Colombia that form the Andes. These are known as Cordilleras, which means range. The Cordillera Occidental is 680 miles long and is about 6,500 ft. high. This range is on the western area that stretches from the equator to the Caribbean Sea. The Cordillera Oriental is the longest range, at 750 miles long, and 8,530 ft. high and it cuts from northern Colombia to southern Colombia. The Cordillera Central is located in the center of the country and is 689 miles long and 10,827 ft. high making it the highest cordillera. The highest mountain point in Colombia is the Sierra Nevada at 19,055 ft. high. There are lots of volcanoes in Colombia. The Cumbal is 17,500 ft. high, the Chiles is 16,900 ft. high, the Purace is 17,060 ft. high, and the Pan de Azucar is 16,840 ft. high. The eastern region of Colombia is a grassy lowland. 1/6 of Colombia is uninhabited glacier land, and 1/5 is high plateau. Colombia has many rivers. The most important river is the Magdalena which is 965 miles long and flows north to the Caribbean Sea. Others are the Meta, the Amazon, the Guaviare, and the Putamayo. There aren't many lakes in Colombia. The largest lake in Colombia is Lake Cocha and is not very important. If it wasn't for the Andes mountain location, Colombia would have an extremely high climate since it is near the equator. However, Colombia's climate is strictly related to the altitude of the land and varies greatly from section to section. The hot region of Colombia has an average temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit, and are from sea level to three thousand feet. This area is along the Pacific coast and in the eastern jungle region. Regions from three to six thousand feet above sea level have an average temperature of 65.5 degrees Fahrenheit. This area is in the northern section of the Andes and are mostly agricultural. Regions from six to nine thousand feet above sea level have an average temperature of 53.6 degrees Fahrenheit, and are considered cold. Most Colombians live in this region. Areas that are above nine thousand feet above sea level are the severely cold regions and are and have an average temperature of below 53 degrees Fahrenheit. The winter months in Colombia are May, June, July, August, September, October, and November. This is the rainy part of the year. Summer months are December, January, February, March, and April. This is the dry part of the year. Spring and Fall do not exist. The rainiest part of Colombia is the Choco area on the Pacific coast. It rains on afternoons and evenings every day of the rainy season. It averages 400 inches of rainfall per year. The driest spot is the Guijara Peninsula. It is located in the northern tip of Colombia, on the Caribbean Sea. It averages 10 inches of rain yearly. Because of Colombia's assorted climate it can grow a wide range of crops. Only five percent of Colombia's land is used for farming, although there is much more room to be used for farming. Coffee is the chief agricultural product, and Colombia is the world's second largest producer, after Brazil, because coffee beans grow best at an elevation between 4,300 and 6,600 feet. Sugarcane is grown in the hot temperate areas of the country. bananas are also grown in the warm areas. Maize is grown under most climatic conditions, except at the highest elevation. This crop is important to the poor people of the country. Rice is grown in the hot and humid regions. A major problem that Colombia faces is the cultivation of illegal drugs. The marijuana plants are grown in the Guajira Peninsula, because of the hot climate, and the soil is perfect from growing it. Also, the fact that the peninsula is on the Caribbean coast, makes it easy to export it on ship. Colombia supplies half of the marijuana purchased in the Unites States. Most people think that cocaine is grown in Colombia, because most of the cartels that distribute

Strawberry Fields Forever

Strawberry Fields Forever 1. Problem definitionIn this case the critical problem identified by me was, the over supply of strawberries and less consumption of this fruit.The strawberries in Australia have been increased in the following way1. Increased production of strawberries, which were usually grown in Australia.2. The Victorian Federal Government has introduced new higher yielding strawberries plants in to the country. These Californian strawberries were larger in size and had a potential for the fruit over an extended period. So, berry growers in Australia have increased their orders for these plants.3. There was a major opportunity for strawberry dealers in importing strawberries from other countries. The reason behind it was the imported strawberries were much cheaper then the once which are cultivated in the country. So the fruit processors in Australia have increased their imports, which also lead to the oversupply.Therefore, due to the above reasons there was an oversupply of strawberries in Austr alia, but there was very less consumption by the customers.Toronto ParkingKeeping the problem in view, the Victorian Strawberry Growers Association have asked the Victorian government to take necessary action against the problem by setting up a statutory committee (VSIDC). This committee has decided opt for research and development to increase the consumption of the VSIDC and there increase the awareness of the fruit.2. Type of Research DesignWith the purpose of better understanding the attitudes and opinions of consumers toward strawberries in Melbourne and Sydney, a questionnaire consisting of twenty-nine questions and instigating a research program conducting a series of focus group interviews in which strawberry consumption and buying behaviour were examined in detail. A successful marketing research firm conducted this in order to help the Victorian Strawberry Industry Development Committee to take more effective marketing decisions. This research has been conducted using...

How to Flatten Adjective Stacks

How to Flatten Adjective Stacks How to Flatten Adjective Stacks How to Flatten Adjective Stacks By Mark Nichol Words are highly adaptable in terms of which part of speech they represent, but careful writers should be alert in order to minimize or prevent a linguistic affliction called adjective stacking, which is discussed in this post. Nouns are easily converted to adjectives, as when using the phrase â€Å"dinner table.† Dinner and table are both nouns, but when dinner immediately precedes table, it ceases to mean â€Å"evening meal† and represents an adjective describing a type of table: one used for evening meals. Similarly, â€Å"sport utility vehicle† consists of three words that serve as nouns, but when positioned in sequence, the first two words no longer stand on their own to represent concepts, but rather describe the third noun. Such sequences can extend indefinitely, but the longer the string of adjectives- or the higher the stack- the more difficult it is for readers to parse the components and their interrelationships. Reading from left to right, we recognize the first word as a noun but then correct ourselves when a noun follows it, reclassifying the first word as an adjective. Then we have to conduct the same mental process repeatedly, and when word relationships are not clarified by use of hyphens, the quest for comprehension is complicated. The following list from an actual document represents the problems with adjective stacking; it can be confusing and fatiguing: Penetration testing for key medical devices Biomedical security vulnerability assessments Medical device procurement process consulting Biomedical incident response readiness assessments Medical device security program remediation support Manufacturer vulnerability remediation liaison assistance Oddly, the syntax of the first item enables a quick, clear reading, while the others fail to follow suit. Using the first item as a model, however, one can easily revise the list to improve readability by reordering words and phrases and introducing prepositions (and, sometimes, words representing other functions): Penetration testing for key medical devices Assessments of vulnerability of biomedical security Consulting about the procurement process for medical devices Assessments of readiness regarding response to biomedical incidents Remediation support for medical-device security programs Liaison assistance for remediation of manufacturer vulnerability These revised phrases are less concise but easier to read. Note, too, that one can reorganize the word sequences to various extents; each of these phrases can be revised in more than one way. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesUse a Dash for Number Ranges10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

Tort assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tort assignment - Essay Example ? to all his lawful visitors, except insofar as he is free to and does extend, restrict, modify, or exclude his duty to any visitor or visitors by agreement or otherwise.† It also applies to a person who enters the premises in order to fulfill a contractual right. This is the law that is applicable as we review the facts of the case that we are presented with. In this case, Peter, who owns Rawley House, decided to have the house redecorated and employed a local electrician, Steven, to install new wall lights in the long gallery. After Steven had finished the installation, Peter employed Thomas, a decorator, to paint the walls of the gallery. While painting the walls Thomas suffered severe burns as a result of touching a live wire which Steven had left protruding from the wall. After work was completed, Peter allowed the local Historical Society to visit the house. In the entrance hall of the house is a notice which states: "The owner welcomes visitors to the property but cannot be held responsible for any injuries sustained by person or property during the course of the visit." Just after the Historical Society arrived at the Rawley Hose, Victor, a poacher, climbed over the wall onto Peters land. Victor caught his footing in a trap set to cat ch foxes. On hearing Victors screams. Peter, and his visitors, rushed out of the house. During the commotion Sam, aged 5, wandered into the garden. he climbed up a rotten rails trellis, which was lodged against the garden wall, and fell through a glass roof severely injuring himself. Sams father, who had brought him on the visit to Rawley House, found the injured boy thirty minutes later. Thomas has a right to claim damages from Peter by virtue of the employer-employee relationship. However, under the Occupiers’ Liability Act, he may have to seek damages against the local electrician, Steven, who is an independent contractor, absent any showing that Peter acted negligently in the hiring and selection of Steven as his

China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

China - Research Paper Example The paper attempts to look into areas addressed by experts, organizations and nonprofit bodies and the conclusions drawn by them. The study will reveal that resource depletion cannot be controlled, since their consumption is inevitable, unless the variables which have potential adverse effects on this issue are monitored. Problem Statement: The ecological footprint of China has increased two fold since 1960’s and its demand is twice than what their ecological system can sustainably provide (WWF). The coming 20 years will be decisive relative to what path the Chinese will take for sustainable development and consequently the effects it will have on the Asian economy. Method: This paper will look into the published research on sustainable development in the modern world specifically China. The majority of the analyzed papers are from last 10 years. The projections and findings identify what variables are perpetuating this problem, the works of the concerned bodies, efforts by th e Chinese government and the regulatory authorities. The reports on issues of sustainable development in China, by World Wide Fund for Nature (one of United Nation’s coveted organization) are pivotal to the research input that has been utilized. Background: Chinese consume more industrial and agricultural goods than the United States of America. According to Earth Policy Institute, China is the world’s largest consumer of steel, coal, grain and meat with a booming economy holding 1.3bn people (BBC News). This increasing demand consequently results in more frequent utilization of China’s natural resources which is proving to be a burden on China’s ecological system’s capacity. Ecological Footprint is a very relative term while discussing the limitations of the world’s ecological system. Ecological Footprint is one of the most comprehensive measures of an individual’s average demand from the nature. Ecological Footprint of a nation is d efined as the total threshold area which is required for food production, fiber and timber that the inhabitants consume, capacity of land and depth of waste absorption, and the space for its infrastructure (WWF). This demand of nature is compared to the planet’s biocapacity, which means the area which is biologically productive and sustains life. In comparison to the world, Asia-pacific region has a lower size of ecological footprint. This region holds 50% of the total world’s population and its demands from nature constitute about 40% of total biocapacity of this planet, the current world demands 25% more than the planet can provide (BBC News). Introduction: China is significant in this region because of its large ecological footprint which is due to its large population. China’s massive use of goods from grain to platinum has made it a raw material economy. China is suffering an ecological deficit since quiet a long period of time. The emission of carbon dioxi de from the fossil fuels is one of the biggest sources of this deficit in China. Chinese import resources to meet their ever mounting needs. This indicates that the consumption of natural resources in China is also influencing and integrated with other countries’ consumption of natural resources too. This also points out to the fact that China’s need for resources is more than the capacity of its land. They import from

Self Harm And Suicide In Prison

Self Harm And Suicide In Prison Although specific explanations have been put forward by those attempting to explain self harm and suicide, they can each generally fit into one of two main larger theories. The first, that the individual characteristics of inmates themselves are explanatory variables and that their susceptibility to self-harm and suicide is essentially imported into prison. The second, that it is the environmental factors characteristic of prison which actually act as a causative link between prisoners and acts of self-harm or suicide. The ideas behind these explanations are informed by an even larger theoretical debate around how people adjust to prison generally; the two contrasting arguments are known as the importation and deprivation models. The first point to examine is the validity of argument that individual characteristics are indeed what primarily predisposes prisoners to self-harm and suicide. Such arguments stem from the importation model, which supports the notion that prisoners already possess certain characteristics making them more likely to self-harm before they are even in prison. According to Irwin and Cressey (1962, p.145) a clear understanding of inmate conduct cannot be obtained simply by viewing prison culture or inmate culture as an isolated system springing solely from the conditions of imprisonment. The factors researchers have tended to focus on include; gender, age, psychiatric, history, offence-type, legal status and sentence length. Zamble and Porporino have outlined adverse life events, negative interpersonal relationships, social and economic disadvantage, alcohol and drug addiction, contact with criminal justice agencies, poor educational and employment history, low self-esteem, poor problem-s olving ability, and low motivational drive (cited in Liebling,1995,p. 181) as the characteristics of prisoners which can be relied upon in identifying risk factors. In a recent study conducted by Humber et al (2011), prisoner characteristics of suicide victims were in England and Wales were examined. They suggested that amongst the prison population there are particular groups more likely to be suicidal. This included; female prisoners, those who have been identified as being at risk of self-harm/suicide, those with a psychiatric illness and those with a history of violence. As has been discussed above, a vast amount of international research on prison suicide and self-harm has sought to understand this behaviour through focussing in on the individual characteristics of inmates. Due to the fact causes of suicide have been so strongly aligned with personal attributes of prisoners, public policy has often been structured with an emphasis on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of suicidal prisoners (Hayes ,1999). However, in focussing solely on the prisoners alone ignores a significant component of prison and that is the harsh environment and constraints which it enforces upon inmates. If the notion of imported vulnerability is relied upon in explaining suicide, it is assumed that one already exhibits certain traits before they were put in prison, such an assumption raises several questions of doubt. Prison suicide rates are commonly compared with those of the general population and this has highlighted that prisons have a higher number of suicides re lative to their population than that of mass society. It must be asked then if people already have certain characteristics before they get to prison then what is that leads them to suicide in prison and not in the outside world. The importation model also fails to explain those who have previously never suffered mental illness or any characteristic associated to being susceptible to suicide, but yet once imprisoned begin self-harming or even commit suicide. Rather than thinking of suicide as an individual issue, perhaps it should be approached from an institutional perspective which looks to its own walls for answers and not just at those who inhibit it. Liebling (1995, 1999) has repeatedly emphasised that concentrating studies exclusively on the individual is conceptually limited and she has stressed the need to approach prison suicide from an institutional perspective. Such discourse aligns with the deprivation model of thinking, originating from the work of (Clemmer,1940), (Goffman,1961) and (Sykes,1958). The deprivation model purports that it is the pains of imprisonment or deprivations suffered in prison, that primarily influences ones response to imprisonment. Sykes (1958) described; deprivations of security, autonomy, sexual desire, liberty, and goods and services as being central to the construction of such an environment. He suggested that prisoners could display self-centred and egotistical alienative modes of behaviour that arose from being forced to conform to roles commensurate with prison regimes and having to fit in with prison social life( Sykes,1958 p.295). More recently, De Viggianni (2007) and Ireland (2000), have also looked into incarceration and consequential suicidal behaviour. They drew correlations between such behaviour and the socio-environmental factors specific to prisons such as, a lack of support the presence of gang culture, and the prison code and its enforcement. It would therefore appear that the deprivation model is proposing that the more severe the consequences of the institutional regime are, the greater the likelihood of suicide occurring in prison. Huey and Mcnulty (2005) drew the conclusion that it is overcrowding so commonly experienced by prisons which plays a pivotal role in deprivation and consequently on prison suicide. A prison which is overcrowded and under staffed is undeniably more likely to have a decrease in standards. Services such as medical care, and unfavourable dynamics like staff-offender ratio, limited activities, a lack of food and clothing, unwanted interactions, and fluctuating social structures within the prison can all stem from overcrowding and all contribute to an increased risk of self-harm and suicide (Anasseril,2006). Lieblings (1992) study, involving interviews with prisoners who had attempted suicide whilst inside indicated that a prisoners vulnerability to suicide is also extremely relative to the suppor t and contact received from family and friends on the outside. She found that a scarcity of visits, written communications, and contact with community release/probation programs can detach a prisoner from the outside world and thus induce self- harming acts. She has also associated the use of time and opportunities available to prisoners with the likelihood of suicide. Believing that the ways in which inmates serve their sentences, can dramatically affect their mental state, she highlights inactivity as a crucial aspect of this. In New Zealand, the prison population is approximately 8698 people, with the imprisonment rate having increased by 53% in the last decade. (Department of Corrections, 2012a). Within his work calling for prison reform, Director of Rethinking Crime and Punishment, Kim Workman has alluded to the importance of values in prison. He suggests New Zealand needs to create a humane, just and workable prison system that attempts to reduce the pain of imprisonment(2009, p.18) and if a move can be accomplished from managing risk to creating a system supporting inmates to achieve their best, then that will be a major achievement. Although of course all prisons vary and some more than others would display the institutional paradigms as discussed above. Evidence suggests that prisons generally are lacking, at least on some level in providing the services needed and to the extent needed to ensure the health and well being of prisons is addressed and thus suicidal behaviour is reduced. What deprivation based theories could be critiqued in ignoring though, is that the prison environment can in some instances have a positive influence on inmates and work in improving peoples lives, leading them away from self- harm and suicide. In New Zealand numerous programmes exist to enhance the rehabilitation of prisoners, including; motivational programmes; rehabilitation programmes; education and employment programmes; and reintegration programmes. A recent example of the success these programs occurred this month when a group of prisoners at Auckland Region Womens Corrections Facility were the first to graduate from the Sma ll Motors Engineering course(Department of Corrections,2012b). Additionally, just as the importation model can be critiqued for its failure to see the prison itself as a problem, the deprivation model could arguably be seen to not fully engage the personal traits of the individual inmate. It would appear that the deprivation and importation models are rarely considered in unison, however it is beginning to become acknowledged that an integrated model of prison suicide could be the most sufficient method of furthering research and consequently preventing self-harm and suicide (Dear, 2006; Liebling,2006; Towl, Snow and McHugh, 2001). Through considering both models simultaneously a more and realistic and practical grasp on the occurrence of suicide can be ascertained, as more often than not both the environment somebody is confronted with and their own personal traits act combine together in influencing their resulting behaviour and well-being. Preventing Suicide Throughout research attempts, no one trigger has been able to conclusively identify the reasoning behind why people commit suicide in prison. It can thus be assumed that no single solution will successfully achieve the goal of suicide prevention and a multi-disciplinary approach is required if an effective outcome is ever going to be reached. In conjunction with this there must be a commitment from the prison and department to actually adopt and apply prevention strategies, because no matter how complete a strategy may be, it is worthless without implementation. In looking to the research which has been done on suicide prevention, it has been found that when comprehensive prevention programs have been implemented considerable decreases in suicides and suicide attempts have been accomplished (Cox and Morschauser, 1997, Gallagher and Dobrin, 2005; White and Schimmel, 1995). It must be noted however that the specifics of these programs should be relevant to local resources and inmate needs, for example a prevention program designed in America for a maximum security prison would not have a positive preventive effect if enforced on a smaller medium security prison in New Zealand. Konrad et al, 2007 have comprised an outline of several key components they believe necessary to any prison suicide prevention strategy. The first aspect outlined is training, specifically of correctional officers whom are the ones with the inmates on a constant basis, mental health professionals will never be available at all times to all prisoners and thus officers mus t be trained to develop an intuitive sense about the mental state of the inmates under their care. Training must also be kept constant, they suggest at least once a year. Screening is the second preventative tool they refer to. Suggesting that screening should take place immediately as they inmate arrives and if possible screening should be carried out within the context of an intake medical and psychological assessment, conducted by relevant professionals. Where it is the responsibility of correctional staff they should have specific training. Communication is also a vital factor and records of such screening should be kept so as all staff can become aware of at risk prisoners and not just the one person who did the screening. If a prisoner identifies as high risk this should not be ignored and immediate professional help should be provided. They stress that screening should not just be a one off measure, but must take place regularly to be effective as suicide prevention involves on-going observation. If an inmate has been recognised as suicidal, Konrad et al emphasise that they should not be left alone and adequate monitoring is essential as suicide can happen within minutes. They further the importance of human contact by including social interaction as a key preventative aspect. Referring to the success of a social support system which has been provided through the use of specially trained inmate buddies or listeners. In terms of the more physical elements of the prison itself the authors outline that a suicide-safe environment is necessary. In building on these key components, it is also necessary to consider the prison atmosphere in general in relation to the pressures and harsh mentality it exerts. Prison has been described as an intrinsically non-therapeutic environment (Department of Corrections, 2008), yet we are frequently sending people there who exhibit severe mental illnesses and numerous other vulnerabilities. Of course some people are a danger to society and it cannot be expected that these people are simply excused from prison due to certain characteristics, however, the environment inmates are living in, could be changed. Instead of focussing on locking people up with no stimulis or contact with others, the focus should be on giving prisoners the chance to change and we cannot expect this from taking everything away from someone. Just by being in prison one has given up any liberties and power but by taking away even the smallest of luxuries like the ability to exercise or go outside or even have a pen and paper is not only depriving but also preventing growth within that person. Self-harm and suicide will inevitability continue to occur if people are completely deprived of any sort of life except simply existing within four walls. The system must gain the ability and willingness to identify the vulnerability of each prisoner, provide the necessary supervision and support, and create an atmosphere in prison where the opportunity exists to cope with and reduce emotional distress which commonly develops into self-harm or suicidal behaviour Conclusion This paper has considered the concerning issue of self-harm and suicide in prisons. Numerous existing explanations for this behaviour have been explored within the two main theoretical spheres of the importation and deprivation models. The latter part of this essay has focussed on possible preventative strategies aimed at counteracting the causative factors forming the varying explanations for self harm and suicide. In drawing all the components of this paper together, prison is a place which comprises of a number of more vulnerable population groups coupled with an environment which is more commonly designed to be harsh, punitive and for adult men who are sound in body and mind. This combination of factors ignores who is really in our prisons and fails to aid the aims of prisoner safety and rehabilitation. As a result of these imbalances, self-harm and suicide occurs and in order to combat this, an environment which offers more than the luxury of just existing must be sought.